机构地区:[1]青海大学农林科学院,西宁810018 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193 [3]青海省海北藏族自治州农牧综合服务中心,海晏810299 [4]沈阳农业大学,沈阳100866 [5]西安天隆科技有限公司,西安710000
出 处:《植物病理学报》2025年第2期313-326,共14页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica
基 金:国家现代农业大麦青稞产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-05)。
摘 要:裸粒大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.var.nudum)在青藏高原俗称青稞,是在该区域内唯一被广泛种植的禾谷类主粮作物。穗腐病是近年来在青藏高原流行的一种青稞新病害,由禾生指葡孢霉(Dactylobotrys graminicola)侵染引起。该病菌的传播介体为穗螨(Siteroptes spp.),二者是互利共生关系,目前尚无有效防治穗腐病的方法。研究穗螨共生细菌的多样性,确定优势菌的种类,有助于揭示保持穗螨-病原菌复合体稳定性的调控机制,从而为穗腐病绿色防控技术体系的建立提供新线索。本研究中,从穗腐病流行区表层土壤和青稞病穗中收集穗螨的成螨,采用2种方法,即培养活体穗螨或经表面彻底消毒的穗螨研磨组织,分离来自穗螨(体表+体内)或仅来自体内的共生细菌,再通过16S rDNA特异引物测序,对分离所获菌株进行鉴定。结果显示,来自土壤中的穗螨,(体表+体内)共生细菌为23个属,体内共生细菌为16个属,其中有9个属在体表和体内均有分布。土壤穗螨(体表+体内)共生细菌群体中,放线菌门的微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)是优势菌属,其次是假单胞菌门的假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和寡养单胞菌(Stenotropho-monas);土壤穗螨体内共生菌群中,Microbacterium(52.1%)和Pseudomonas(22.1%)比例明显高于穗螨(体表+体内)中的比例33.7%和6.8%,而Streptomyces仅分布于土壤穗螨的体表。来自青稞病穗中的穗螨,(体表+体内)共生细菌有16个属,体内共生细菌为18个属,其中有14个属在穗螨体内、外均有分布;假单胞菌门的3个属Stenotrophomonas、Pseudomonas和产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)是病穗中穗螨的优势共生细菌,而且所占比例显著高于土壤穗螨,其次是放线菌Microbacterium和Rhodococcus,二者所占比例显著低于土壤穗螨。从穗腐病流行区域土壤穗螨上检测到的放线菌门菌株数量是假单胞菌门的2.3~2.8倍,但青稞病穗中穗螨Hulless barley(Hordeum vulgare L.var.nudum),known as Qingke,is the only cereal staple food crop widely planted on the Tibet Plateau(TP).Ear rot is an important new disease of Qingke occurring throughout the TP in recent years.The causal agent Dactylobotrys graminicola is a critical source of food for grass mite(Siteroptes spp.),and grass mite in turn serves as a vector for spreading the fungus.As a result,mutualistic symbiosis relationship is established between them.However,no effective method is available for controlling the disease.It is important to investigate the diversity of symbiotic bacteria of grass mite and find out the predominant bacteria,which is helpful for exploring regulation mechanisms in maintaining the stability of grass mite-D.graminicola system.This study sheds light on the development of new green control method of Qingke ear rot.In this study,adult grass mites were collected from diseased Qingke ears and the surface soil of Qingke-planting fields where ear rot occurred.The symbiotic bacteria(both on the surface and inside of mite body)or those(only inside of mite body)were isolated from living mites or their ground tissues,respectively.Bacterial isolates were sequenced with specific primers of 16S rDNA and the resulting data were statistically analyzed.For the grass mites collected from surface soil,symbiotic bacteria of 23 genera were detected from both surface and inside of mite body,and 16 genera were found only inside of mite body,of which 9 were confirmed to distribute both on surface and inside of mite body;Microbacterium,Rhodococcus and Streptomyces of the phylum Actinomycetota were the predominant bacteria among the symbiotic bacteria(both on the surface and inside of mite body),followed by Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas;The percentages of Microbacterium(52.1%)and Pseudomonas(22.1%)inside of mite body were significantly higher than those from both surface and inside of mite body(33.7%and 6.8%),and Streptomyces was merely detected on mite body surface.For the grass mites collected
分 类 号:S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]
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