七里海国家重要湿地环境污染评价及源解析  

Environmental pollution assessment and source analysis of the Qilihai National Important Wetland

作　　者：岳昂 邢美楠 李慧 周滨 尤学一[1] 刘红磊 YUE Ang;XING Meinan;LI Hui;ZHOU Bin;YOU Xueyi;LIU Honglei(Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center,Tianjin 300191,China;Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学,天津300072 [2]天津市生态环境监测中心,天津300191 [3]天津市生态环境科学研究院,天津300191

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2025年第3期531-538,共8页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY101000)。

摘　　要：为了解七里海湿地自然保护区的现状,支撑七里海国家重要湿地生态修复与保护工作,于2021—2022年对七里海湿地重点区域开展了水和土壤环境调查评估和污染溯源研究。研究表明,研究区水体的五日生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮、总磷、氟化物等7项指标,均存在劣于GB 3838中V类标准情况(1.61%~58.06%);水质综合污染水平整体较好,59点∙次的水质分级均为合格(综合污染指数均小于0.8),1点∙次监测水质分级属污染(综合污染指数为1.38)。水体氮磷水平较高,属磷限制,总氮、总磷平均浓度分别为2.79、0.29 mg·L^(−1),氮磷摩尔比平均值为37.76,与历史监测结果基本持平;高锰酸盐指数呈持续下降的趋势,平均浓度为8.26 mg·L^(−1),达到了2010年以来的最低水平。文献研究及现场勘察表明,七里海湿地水质主要受潮白新河来水水质影响。湿地土壤较肥沃,钾为1级水平,总氮和总磷为3级水平,有机质为4级水平。土壤重金属综合潜在生态风险指数为轻微污染,汞的变异程度最高,地累积指数(-0.346)及潜在生态风险指数也最高(51.53),其余6项重金属地累积指数为清洁状态。土壤重金属来源可以分为2个主成分,其中主成分1中各金属的载荷均较高(汞、镉、铅、铜均>0.75),主成分2中砷、铬的载荷较高(砷、铬>0.75)。这暗示七里海湿地土壤中的重金属污染可能主要来自潮白新河补水(主成分1),其中砷和铬又受周边农田种植或工业生产等人为活动影响。整体而言,七里海湿地的水环境质量及土壤质量仍处于较好状态,为提升七里海湿地水及土壤环境质量,可考虑建立构建补水前置库、优选补水时段、更新优质补水水源、优化湿地水系统等方式,提升七里海湿地水和土壤环境质量,并加强跟踪监测评估。本研究对七里海国家级重要湿地的水和土壤环境状况进行了评估,为其In order to understand the current situation of the Qilihai National Important Wetland and support its ecological restoration,a comprehensive study was conducted from 2021 to 2022.The research involved water and soil environment investigation,assessment,and pollution tracing in key areas of the Qilihai Wetland.Results revealed that concentrations of seven indicators,including five-day biochemical oxygen demand,permanganate index,chemical oxygen demand,ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and fluoride,exceeded by 1.61%~58.06%compared to Class V standards specified in GB 3838.Overall,the comprehensive pollution level of the water quality was relatively good,with 59 sampling sites classified as qualified(with comprehensive pollution indices below 0.8),and one sampling site classified as polluted(with a comprehensive pollution index of 1.38).The nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the water were relatively high,with phosphorus being the limiting factor.The average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 2.79 and 0.29 mg·L^(−1),respectively.The average nitrogen phosphorus molar ratio was 37.76 and it showed no difference with historical monitoring results.The permanganate index showed a continuous downward trend,with an average concentration of 8.26 mg·L^(−1),reaching the lowest level since 2010.Literature research and on-site investigation indicated that the water quality of the Qilihai Wetland was mainly affected by the Chaobaixin River inflow.The wetland soil was relatively fertile,with potassium at the first-class level,total nitrogen and total phosphorus at the third-class level,and organic matter at the fourth-class level.The comprehensive potential ecological risk index for soil heavy metals was classified as slightly polluted.Mercury had the highest degree of variation,the highest geo-accumulation index(-0.346)and the highest potential ecological risk index(51.53).The geo-accumulation indices for other six heavy metals indicated a clean state.The sources of heavy metals in so

关 键 词：七里海 国家重要湿地 污染评价 源解析 重金属 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]