危险废物资源化技术四维综合评价:以废有机溶剂及含重金属废物为例  

Four-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of hazardous waste resource utilization technologies:A case study on waste organic solvent and heavy metal contained waste

作　　者：周倩 王兰 王甜甜 朱悦[2] 曹伟华[3] 楼紫阳[4] ZHOU Qian;WANG Lan;WANG Tiantian;ZHU Yue;CAO Weihua;LOU Ziyang(Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China;Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 201100,China)

机构地区：[1]上海电力大学,上海201306 [2]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [3]上海市政工程设计研究总院,上海200092 [4]上海交通大学,上海201100

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2025年第3期539-547,共9页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72261147460);“科技兴蒙”上海交通大学行动计划专项项目资助项目(2021PT0045-02-01)。

摘　　要：我国现有危险废物资源化技术存在资源效率不高、环境影响显著、经济效益欠佳以及社会效应不良等多方面问题,同时也缺乏对这些问题的系统性分析和综合性评价。据此,本研究以废有机溶剂与含重金属废物这2种典型危险废物的资源化应用技术为案例,从资源、环境、经济和社会4个维度,构建出包含7个准则层及20项指标的危废资源化技术综合评价体系,并引用改进熵权法确定权重,同时基于TOPSIS法对这2种危废的8项案例进行了定量化综合评价。研究发现,对于废有机溶剂,由于减压精馏在产品净利润(5.906%)和产品质量(5.528%)这2个方面具有较显著的优势,其综合得分指数(0.687)高于萃取精馏(0.481)和常压蒸馏(0.422)。对于含重金属废物,火法熔炼-湿法提炼联合工艺(0.784)作为最优工艺,不仅弥补了火法熔炼法(0.458、0.450)中资源化率(8.404%)低的问题,还避免了湿法提炼法(0.486、0.645)的大量辅料添加及后续复杂的除杂工艺,最大程度提升经济利益(经济层总权重32.053%)。本研究结果可在废物处理应用领域为危险废物资源化技术优化提供科学支撑和参考建议。Existing technologies for the resource utilization of hazardous waste,suffer from inefficiency,significant environmental impacts,poor economic benefits,and adverse social effects in China.There is also a lack of systematic analysis and comprehensive evaluation of these problems.Therefore,this study took the resource utilization technologies of waste organic solvents and heavy metal contained waste as examples.From the perspectives of resources,environment,economy,and society,a comprehensive evaluation system for hazardous waste resource utilization technologies was constructed,consisting of seven criteria layers and twenty indicators.The improved entropy weight method was used to determine the weights,and the TOPSIS method was employed to quantitatively evaluate eight cases of these two types of hazardous waste.The study found that for waste organic solvents,vacuum distillation had significant advantages in terms of product net profit(5.906%)and product quality(5.528%),resulting in a higher comprehensive score index(0.687)compared to extraction distillation(0.481)and atmospheric distillation(0.422).As for heavy metal contained waste,the combined process of pyrometallurgical smelting and wet refining(0.784)was identified as the optimal process.It not only addressed the low resource utilization rate(8.404%)in pyrometallurgical smelting processes(0.458,0.450),but also avoided the extensive addition of auxiliary materials and subsequent complex purification processes in wet refining processes(0.486,0.645).This approach maximized economic benefits(with an overall weight of 32.053%in the economic layer).The results of this study can provide scientific support and reference suggestions for optimizing hazardous waste resource utilization technologies in the field of waste treatment applications.

关 键 词：资源化技术 多维综合评价 废有机溶剂 含重金属废物 熵权-TOPSIS 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]