新型生物生态耦合工艺对生活污水的净化效果及微生物群落特征  

Performance of new bio-ecological coupling process on domestic sewage purification and its microbial community characteristics

作　　者：徐超 刘云根 杨思林 郭凤倩 赵兴杰 殷发金 文明发 XU Chao;LIU Yungen;YANG Silin;GUO Fengqian;ZHAO Xingjie;YIN Fajin;WEN Mingfa(College of Ecology&Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous Rural Areas,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Deyuan Lvchuang Environmental Protection Technology Co.Ltd.,Wenshan 663099,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明650224 [2]云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室,昆明650224 [3]云南德源绿创环保科技有限公司,文山663099

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2025年第3期578-585,共8页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：云南省科技计划重点项目(202301AS070042)。

摘　　要：为提高现有人工湿地的处理效率、更好地为生活污水处理提供适宜可行的集成工艺,本研究构建了一套生物生态耦合工艺(B-ER),包括生物段(厌氧、生物转盘、好氧)和生态段(复合电磁场强化垂直流人工湿地),并探析了该工艺对生活污水处理效果及微生物群落特征。结果表明,当水力负荷为1.3 m^(3)·(m^(2)·d)^(−1)时,对TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N和COD的去除效果最好,去除率分别为74.53%、98.35%和97.06%,其中NH_(4)^(+)-N和COD的出水浓度优于《云南省农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准》(DB53/T 953-2019)一级A标准。生物段对TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N和COD平均去除贡献率分别为41.24%、88.41%和86.44%,相比之下,生物+生态段对应的平均去除贡献率分别提高了31.63%、11.40%和11.32%。在B-ER中排名前3的优势菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门,共优势菌属为新鞘氨醇菌属、Reyranella属、BD1−7 clade属、硝化螺旋菌属和鞘氨醇单胞菌等7种,这些菌属在硝化、反硝化和有机物去除过程中发挥重要作用;变形菌门、放线菌门和硝化螺旋菌门在生物+生态段中的相对丰度分别为48.80%、4.76%、2.74%;在生物段中分别为41.72%、3.56%、1.60%。FAPROTAX功能预测结果表明:化能异养(chemoheterotrophy,19.68%)和好氧化能异养(aerobic-chemoheterotrophy,16.75%)为整个B-ER的优势细菌功能类群,且生物+生态段中的好氧化能异养(16.75%)高于生物段(13.46%)。冗余分析结果表明:变形菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、放线菌门与TP去除率、NH_(4)^(+)-N去除率和COD去除率呈正相关,是驱动污染物净化的主要微生物。B-ER可以提高对C、N污染物的去除效果,该研究可为污水治理和其他生物生态耦合工艺的改进提供新的思路。In order to improve the treatment efficiency of the existing artificial wetland and better provide a suitable and feasible integrated process for domestic wastewater treatment,a set of biological-ecological coupled process(B-ER)was constructed in this study,including biological segment(anaerobic,biological rotary,aerobic)and ecological segment(composite electromagnetic field-reinforced vertical-flow artificial wetland),and its effect on domestic wastewater treatment and microbial community characteristics were explored.The results showed that when the hydraulic load was 1.3 m^(3)·(m^(2)·d)^(−1),the removal effects of TP,NH_(4)^(+)-N and COD were the best with the removal rates of 74.53%,98.35%and 97.06%,respectively,of which the effluent concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N and COD were lower than the Class A standard of‘Water Pollutant Emission Standard of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facility in Yunnan Province’(DB53/T 953-2019).The biological segment contributed 41.24%,88.41%and 86.44%to the average removal of TP,NH_(4)^(+)-N and COD,respectively,and their average removal rates increased by 31.63%,11.40%and 11.32%for the Bio-ecological segment,respectively.The top 3 dominant phyla in B-ER were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota,and Chloroflexi,and the co-dominant genera were 7 species of Novosphingobium、Reyranella、BD1−7 clade、Nitrospira and Sphingomona,which played important roles in nitrification,denitrification and organics removal processes;The relative abundances of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Nitrospira were 48.80%,4.76%and 2.74%in the Bio-ecological segment,were 41.72%,3.56%and 1.60%in the biological segment,respectively.FAPROTAX functional prediction showed that chemoheterotrophy(19.68%)and aerobic-chemoheterotrophy(16.75%)were the dominant bacterial functional groups in the whole B-ER,and aerobic-chemoheterotrophy in the Bio-ecological segment was higher than that in the biological segment(16.75%>13.46%).Redundancy analysis showed that Proteobacteria,Nitrospira,Actinobacteria were positivel

关 键 词：生物生态耦合 复合电磁场强化垂直流人工湿地 生活污水 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]