抽屉式生态滤池处理农村灰水的效能及微生物群落特征分析  

Performance and microbiological community characteristics of a drawer-type ecological filter for treating rural graywater

作　　者：李引 李莹莹 张立秋[1,2] 韩绮 高鹏[1,2] 封莉[1,2] LI Yin;LI Yingying;ZHANG Liqiu;HAN Qi;GAO Peng;FENG Li(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing100083,China;Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution,Beijing ForestryUniversity,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学,北京市水体污染源控制技术重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2025年第3期614-623,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3706401)。

摘　　要：以农村灰水为研究对象,对传统生态滤池进行模块化设计,构建抽屉式生态滤池(drawer-type ecological filter,DEF),考察其对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)的去除效果,重点研究了水力负荷和碳氮比对灰水处理效果的影响以及滤池不同层内微生物群落结构特征。结果表明,随着水力负荷和碳氮比的提升,COD的去除率先上升后下降,NH_(4)^(+)-N的去除率随碳氮比的增加下降。在水力负荷为2.625 m^(3)·(m^(2)·d)^(−1)且碳氮比为11时,COD的去除率最高,而在水力负荷为1.875 m^(3)·(m^(2)·d)^(−1)时,NH_(4)^(+)-N的去除率达到最高。然而,在水力负荷相同的情况下,NH_(4)^(+)-N的去除率随碳氮比的增加下降。在水力负荷为1.875 m^(3)·(m^(2)·d)^(−1)和碳氮比为11的最佳工艺条件下种植菖蒲,DEF对COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN、TP和LAS的去除率分别达到了89.92%、89.37%、57.93%、43.11%和72.27%。对滤池不同层的微生物组成进行高通量测序分析,发现池内不同层微生物种类丰富,系统中优势菌门以Proteobacteria、Bacteroidota等为主,优势菌属以Rhodanobacter、Defluviicoccus为主,表明DEF能有效去除有机物和氮磷;属水平上微生物在DEF各层填料间存在差异,可实现污染物分层降解,从而高效处理农村灰水。In this study,the performance and microbiological community characteristics of a newly designed drawer-type ecological filter(DEF)to treat rural graywater were investigated based on a modular adaptation of traditional ecological filters.The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),total Nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and anionic surfactant(LAS)were studied.The influences of hydraulic load and carbon-nitrogen ratio on the treatment efficacy of graywater and the microbial community structure across different layers were particularly investigated.Results revealed that COD removal rates initially increased and then declined with the increase of hydraulic load and carbon-nitrogen ratio,while the NH_(4)^(+)-N removal rate decreased with an increase of the carbon-nitrogen ratio.The optimal COD removal rate was achieved at a hydraulic load of 2.625 m^(3)·(m^(2)·d)^(−1)and a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 11,while the highest NH_(4)^(+)-N removal rate occurred at a hydraulic load of 1.875 m^(3)·(m^(2)·d)^(−1).However,the NH_(4)^(+)-N removal rate decreased as the carbon-nitrogen ratio increased at constant hydraulic loads.Under the optimal operating conditions for DEF as follows:the hydraulic load of 1.875 m^(3)·(m^(2)·d)^(−1),and a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 11,with calamus planting,DEF could remove 89.92%for COD,89.37%for NH_(4)^(+)-N,57.93%for TN,43.11%for TP,and 72.27%for LAS,respectively.Additionally,high-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbial composition in different filter layers revealed diverse microbial species.Dominant phyla included Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota,while the predominant genera were Rhodanobacter and Defluviicoccus,which are effective in removing organic matter,nitrogen,and phosphorus.The variation in microbial composition at genus level across the filter layers facilitated layered degradation of pollutants,thus enhancing the efficiency of rural graywater treatment.

关 键 词：农村污水 抽屉式生态滤池 水力负荷 碳氮比 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]