养育和家庭调适对幼儿社会-情感的影响:努力控制的中介作用  

The effects of parenting and family adjustment on toddlers’social-emotional well-being:the mediating role of effortful control

作　　者：罗丽 高钊钊 刘昊 LUO Li;GAO Zhaozhao;LIU Hao(College of Preschool Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学学前教育学院,北京100048

出　　处：《健康研究》2025年第2期155-159,共5页Health Research

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目(21JYC017)。

摘　　要：目的探讨养育和家庭调适对幼儿社会-情感能力的影响及其作用机制,检验努力控制的中介作用。方法采用《养育和家庭调适量表》《年龄与发育进程问卷:社会-情感》和《儿童行为问卷》对北京市448名15~36月龄的幼儿进行调查,通过结构方程模型和Bootstrap法进行作用路径分析。结果养育和家庭调适、努力控制、社会-情感能力呈现两两显著相关(P<0.05);养育和家庭调适能直接预测幼儿社会-情感能力,且能通过2条间接路径影响幼儿社会-情感能力:正向鼓励→努力控制→社会-情感能力(β=-0.06,P<0.01),占总效应的30%;父母调适→努力控制→社会-情感能力(β=-0.05,P<0.05),占总效应的26.32%。结论努力控制在养育和家庭调适与幼儿社会-情感能力之间发挥部分中介作用,可以通过提升幼儿努力控制,进而促进其社会-情感能力。Objective To explore the impact of parenting and family adjustment on toddlers’social-emotional competence and its mechanism,and to examine the mediating role of effortful control.Methods The parenting and family adjustment scales,ages and stages questionnaires:social-emotional,and infant/early childhood behavior questionnaire were used to investigate 448 toddlers aged 15-36 months in Beijing.Structural equation modeling and the Bootstrap method were employed to analyze the pathways of influence.Results Parenting and family adjustment,effortful control,and social-emotional competence showed a two-by-two significant correlation(P<0.05);parenting and family adjustment were found to directly predict toddlers'social-emotional competence,and influenced toddlers'social-emotional competence through two indirect pathways:positive encouragement→effortful control→social-emotional competence(β=-0.06,P<0.01),accounting for 30%of the total effect;and parental adjustment→effortful control→social-emotional competence(β=-0.05,P<0.05),accounting for 26.32%of the total effect.Conclusions Effortful control serves as a partial mediator between parenting and family adjustment and toddlers'social-emotional competence,suggesting that enhancing effortful control can further promote social-emotional development.

关 键 词：养育和家庭调适 社会-情感能力 努力控制 幼儿 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]