哈尔滨降雪重金属污染及悬浮颗粒形态特征  

Heavy metal pollution and morphological characteristics of suspended particulates in fresh snow from Harbin,China

作　　者：张囡囡 孙丽[2] ZHANG Nannan;SUN Li(Modern Educational Technology and Experiment Center,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China;College of Geographic Sciences,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学现代教育技术与实验中心,哈尔滨150025 [2]哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期82-90,共9页Journal of Shenyang Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42371138)。

摘　　要：对哈尔滨市降雪中重金属元素的组成、污染源及悬浮颗粒物的形态与来源特征进行了分析。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了6种重金属元素的浓度,并通过相关分析解析了污染物的来源,利用扫描电镜能谱技术分析了悬浮颗粒的形态和元素组成。研究结果表明,降雪中重金属浓度Fe最高(809.68μg/L),As最低(4.75μg/L),部分重金属浓度超标,可能对地表水造成影响;重金属污染主要来源于机动车尾气排放、燃煤排放和金属冶炼排放;悬浮颗粒以矿物颗粒和燃煤飞灰为主,烟尘聚合体次之,主要来源于空气扬尘、不可溶矿物及燃煤飞灰。This study examined the composition and sources of heavy metal pollution,as well as the morphology and origins of suspended particulate matter in snowfall collected in Harbin,China.The concentrations of six heavy metals were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),and the sources of pollution were identified through correlation and principal component analyses.Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM/EDX)was employed to analyze the morphology and elemental composition of suspended particles.The results indicate that iron(Fe)has the highest concentration(809.68μg/L),while arsenic(As)has the lowest concentration(4.75μg/L).Some heavy metal concentrations exceed the environmental quality standards,which may affect local water bodies.Heavy metal pollution mainly comes from vehicle exhaust,coal burning and metal smelting.The suspended particles are mainly mineral particles and coal-burning fly ash,followed by soot aggregates,which mainly come from airborne dust,insoluble minerals and coal-burning fly ash.

关 键 词：重金属 电感耦合等离子体质谱 扫描电子显微镜 降雪 哈尔滨 

分 类 号：O343.1[理学—固体力学] O341[理学—力学]