退役锂离子动力电池湿法回收技术概述  

Overview of Wet Recycling Technology for Retired Lithium-Ion Power Batteries

作　　者：董帅 柳涛 DONG Shuai;LIU Tao(Jingmen GEM New Materials Co.,Ltd,Jingmen Hubei 448000,China)

机构地区：[1]荆门市格林美新材料有限公司,湖北荆门448000

出　　处：《江西化工》2025年第2期21-25,31,共6页Jiangxi Chemical Industry

摘　　要：锂离子电池因其高工作电压、大能量密度、低污染等优点,在新能源汽车和储能领域得到了广泛应用。随着碳达峰、碳中和目标的推进,电动汽车销量激增,动力电池需求随之增长。然而,锂离子电池的使用寿命有限,大量退役电池需要回收利用,以解决环境污染问题、降低成本、保障战略资源的供给。本文综述了退役锂离子动力电池回收的必要性,同时,重点分析了湿法回收技术,包括预处理、浸出和分离提纯三个阶段。其中,放电方法有物理放电、化学放电和穿刺放电;浸出处理主要采用无机酸、有机酸和氨水;而有价金属的分离提纯则通过溶剂萃取、化学沉淀和离子交换法实现。此外,还对当前锂离子电池湿法回收技术存在的主要问题进行了总结,旨在为退役锂离子电池的回收再利用研究提供借鉴与参考。Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in new energy vehicles and energy storage fields due to their high working voltage,large energy density and low pollution.With the advancement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,the sales of electric vehicles have soared,and the demand for power batteries has increased accordingly.However,the service life of lithium-ion batteries is limited,resulting in a large number of retired batteries that need to be recycled to solve environmental pollution problems,reduce costs,and ensure the supply of strategic resources.This paper reviews the necessity and significance of recycling retired lithium-ion power batteries.It focuses on analyzing the wet recovery technology,which includes three stages:pretreatment,leaching and separation and purification.Among them,the discharge methods include physical discharge,chemical discharge and puncture discharge.Leaching treatment mainly uses inorganic acids,organic acids and ammonia water,while the separation and purification of valuable metals are achieved through solvent extraction,chemical precipitation and ion exchange methods.Moreover,the main problems existing in the current wet recovery technology of lithium-ion batteries are summarized,aiming to provide reference and guidance for the research on the recycling and reuse of retired lithium-ion batteries.

关 键 词：退役锂离子动力电池 碳达峰 湿法回收 预处理 萃取提纯 

分 类 号：TF826.3[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]