贵州太子参中的重金属、农药残留及其产区土壤中的重金属污染评价  

Assessment of Heavy Metals,Pesticide Residues in Radix Pseudostellariae from Guizhou and Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil of the Production Area

作　　者：洪家顺 王裕成 张香 宁知贵 李道成 HONG Jiashun;WANG Yucheng;ZHANG Xiang;NING Zhigui;LI Daocheng(Jiangxi Province evaluation and research center of daodi herbs,Nanchang Jiangxi 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省道地药材质量评价研究中心,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《江西化工》2025年第2期57-63,69,共8页Jiangxi Chemical Industry

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目“赣食十味——陈皮(樟头红)的关键技术研究”(20224BBG72001)。

摘　　要：目的:着重探明考查贵州不同产地太子参的重金属、农药残留及产区土壤中重金属含量情况,以期了解其存在的问题,并为污染水平的评价提供依据。方法:采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定太子参及产区土壤中的重金属,采用液相色谱-串联质谱和气相色谱-质谱法测定太子参中的农药残留。结果:根据《中国药典》2020年版(四部)通则9302中药有害残留物限量制定指导原则,重金属在太子参药材中的综合污染指数远小于0.7,不存在污染情况;个别样品中戊唑醇、烯酰吗啉、吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑被检出,检出值符合《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》(GB 2763—2021)限量要求,未超标。太子参产区土壤除As处于警戒线外,其他重金属单项污染指数平均值均小于0.7,处于安全、清洁水平,未被污染,适合种植太子参。结论:太子参及其产区土壤中重金属综合污染指数均小于0.7,处于安全水平,农药残留符合国家标准要求,贵州太子参具有较高的药用安全性。Objective:Emphasize investigate the content of heavy metals,pesticide residues and heavy metals in the soil of Pseudostellaria heterophylla from different habitats in Guizhou,understand the existing problems,and evaluate the pollution level.Methods:Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to determine the heavy metals in Radix Pseudostellariae and the soil in the production area,and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry were used to determine the pesticide residues in Radix Pseudostellariae.Results:According to General Rule 9302 of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Part 4),the guiding principle for the establishment of limits on harmful residues in traditional Chinese medicine,the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in Radix Pseudostellariae is far less than 0.7,and there is no pollution situation;In some samples,tebuconazole,enoylmorpholine,pyrazolin,and feniconazole were detected,and the detection values met the limit requirements of the National Food Safety Standard for Maximum Residues of Pesticides in Food(GB 2763—2021),without exceeding the limit.Except for As,which is at the warning line,the average pollution index of other heavy metals in the soil of the Taizi ginseng production area is less than 0.7,which is safe and clean,not contaminated,and suitable for planting Taizi ginseng.Conclusion:The comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in the soil of Pseudostellaria pseudostellaria and its producing areas is less than 0.7,which is at a safe level.The pesticide residues meet the requirements of the national standards.Pseudostellaria pseudostellaria in Guizhou Province has a high medicinal safety.

关 键 词：太子参 重金属 农药残留 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]