赣江上游稀土矿区典型流域水质评价及时空分布特征  

Water Quality Evaluation and Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of the Typical Watershed of Rare Earth Mining Area in Upper Ganjiang River

作　　者：赵楠芳 牛娇 李艳红 ZHAO Nanfang;NIU Jiao;LI Yanhong(Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering,Nanchang Jiangxi 330029,China;Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flood and Drought Disaster Defense,Nanchang Jiangxi 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省水利科学院,江西南昌330029 [2]水旱灾害防御江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《江西化工》2025年第2期97-101,共5页Jiangxi Chemical Industry

基　　金：江西省“科技+水利”项目(2022KSG01005);江西省水利厅科技项目(202325ZDKT14,202426ZDKT04,202425YBKT02)。

摘　　要：选取赣江上游稀土矿区典型流域——桃江流域作为研究对象,基于桃江干流上、中、下9个站点2013—2021年的水质数据,采用WQI水质指数法,对流域水质时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:①2018年3月之前,桃江中游氨氮质量浓度的平均值为1.028 mg·L^(-1),超过地表水Ⅲ类水标准。2018年3月之后,各水质指标质量浓度保持在Ⅲ类水标准及以下;②桃江水质评价等级以“良好”为主,其次为“中等”,WQI的整体平均值为73.48,氨氮、溶解氧和高锰酸盐指数是影响河流水质变化的主要指标;③从空间上来看,桃江上游、下游的水质均优于中游,其中中游S5(龙头滩)站点WQI年均值低于其他断面,呈先下降后上升的趋势,水质评价等级均为“中等”,主要是受到早期桃江支流渥江和濂江流域内稀土矿业开采的影响;2017年龙南市实施消灭劣Ⅴ类水综合治理,开展了稀土矿区环境治理,使污染物的排放量得到有效控制,水质明显改善。The typical watershed of rare earth mining area in Upper Ganjiang River was selected as the research object.Based on the water quality data of nine monitoring points in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the main stream of Taojiang River from 2013 to 2021,WQI method was used to analysis the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of water quality.The results showed that:①The mean concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the middle reaches of the Taojiang River was 1.028 mg·L^(-1)before March 2018,it exceeded the Class III standard for surface water.The water quality indexes were maintained at or below the ClassⅢwater standard after March 2018.②The water quality assessment grades in the study area were mainly“good”and“medium”.The overall WQI mean value was 73.48.NH3-N,DO and CODMn were the primary indicators of changes in river water quality in theregion.③From a spatial perspective,the water quality in the upper and lower reaches of Taojiang River is superior to that in the middle.The WQI mean value of the S5(Longtoutan)section was generally lower than that of other sections.The water quality assessment grades were“medium”.The water volume was mainly affected by the mining of rare earth minerals in the Wojiang and Lianjiang River basin of the tributaries of Taojiang River.The comprehensive treatment of eliminating poor class V water was implemented in 2017 at Longnan city;Environmental treatment of rare earth mining areas has been carried out,the amount of pollutants emitted was effectively controlled,the water quality has significantly improved.

关 键 词：稀土矿区 WQI水质评价 时空分布特征 赣江上游 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]