明教寺觉皇殿明代彩画颜料成分分析  

Analysis of Pigments of Ming Dynasty Polychrome Paintings Composition in the Juehuang Hall of the Mingjiao Temple

作　　者：章文杰 张宇[2] 曹振伟[3] 韩向娜 郭宏 ZHANG Wen-jie;ZHANG Yu;CAO Zhen-wei;HAN Xiang-na;GUO Hong(Key Laboratory of Archaeomaterials and Conservation,Ministry of Education,Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science&Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Architecture,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;The Ancient Architecture Department of the Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]材料考古与保护教育部重点实验室,北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [2]西南交通大学建筑学院,四川成都610031 [3]故宫博物院古建部,北京100009

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2025年第5期1389-1394,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF0906400)资助。

摘　　要：明教寺位于四川省成都市。觉皇殿是原明教寺建筑群仅存的建筑,主体部分始建于明洪武早期(1368年—1382年),不晚于明成化元年(1465年)建成。觉皇殿殿内保留有大量明代彩画,具有显著的北方官式建筑风格特点,是难得的明代建筑彩画实物,具有极高的研究价值。目前对于觉皇殿彩画的研究多在于其形制、美学风格等,尚未开展对其制作工艺及材料的科学分析。利用超景深显微镜、激光拉曼光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪,对取自觉皇殿内檐西山面明间的彩画颜料进行分析鉴定。结果表明,明教寺觉皇殿彩画绿色颜料为石绿和碱式氯化铜,红色颜料为铁红和铅丹,白色颜料为铅白,青色颜料为靛蓝,黑色颜料为碳黑。此外,觉皇殿内檐彩画中还存在重层彩画和颜料混用调色情况。觉皇殿内檐彩画中未发现清中期、晚期常用的合成群青、巴黎绿等进口颜料,其彩画做法也均为不做地仗层、于木构件上直接绘制颜料,说明其彩画很有可能为明代遗存,与档案记载的彩画绘制时期相符。该研究是首次对觉皇殿彩画制作工艺及材料进行科学分析,取得的初步研究成果丰富了明代建筑彩画颜料的应用情况,将为后续彩画研究和保护工作提供参考。Mingjiao Temple is located in Chengdu,Sichuan Province.The Juehuang Hall is the only surviving structure of the original Mingjiao Temple complex.The main part of the hall was constructed during the early Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty(1368—1382)and was completed no later than the first year of the Chenghua reign(1465).The interior of Juehuang Hall retains a significant number of Ming Dynasty murals,which exhibit the distinctive characteristics of the official architectural style of the Northern country.These murals are a rare example of Ming Dynasty architectural painting and hold significant research value.Previous research on the paintings in the Juehuang Hall has focused on their form and aesthetic style,with no scientific analysis of their production techniques and materials.This study employs a high-resolution digital microscope,laser Raman spectrometer,scanning electron microscope,and energy dispersive spectrometer to analyze and identify the pigments from the paintings in the Juehuang Hall.The results indicate that the green pigments in the Mingjiao Temple's Juehuang Hall paintings are malachite and copper chloride,the red pigments are iron oxideand red lead,the white pigment is lead white,the blue pigment is indigo,and the black pigment is carbon black.Furthermore,the eaves paintings within the Juehuang Hall exhibit multi-layered paintings and the practice of mixing pigments for color adjustment.Synthetic ultramarine and Paris green are absent in these eaves paintings,which were commonly used in the Qing Dynasty's middle and later periods.The painting technique,characterized by the direct application of pigments onto the wooden components without a preparatory ground layer,suggests that these paintings are likely remnants from the Ming Dynasty,aligning with the documented period of the paintings'creation.This study is the first scientific analysis of the production techniques and materials of the Juehuang Hall paintings,and the preliminary findings have enriched the understanding of the application o

关 键 词：明教寺 觉皇殿 明代彩画 拉曼光谱 

分 类 号：G878.8[文化科学—体育训练]