南海Ⅰ号船体木材中硫铁化合物的分布与含量研究  

Distribution and Content of Iron Sulfides in the Wood of NanhaiⅠShipwreck

作　　者：王雪玉 李乃胜 杜靖 WANG Xue-yu;LI Nai-sheng;DU Jing(National Centre for Archaeology,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]国家文物局考古研究中心,北京100013

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2025年第5期1395-1402,共8页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助暨优秀博士论文项目(23FKGA002)资助。

摘　　要：南海Ⅰ号是中国第一艘从海洋整体打捞出水的古代沉船,也是迄今为止保存最完整、船体尺寸最大、文物储存量最多的古代沉船,承载了丰富的考古信息。南海Ⅰ号船体木材中含有大量的硫铁化合物,威胁着船体的长久、安全保存,目前对船体木材中硫铁化合物的认知仍存在不足。以南海Ⅰ号船体中铁器装载量存在明显差异的三个典型船舱(No.4、No.7、No.11)为研究对象,采用湿化学法、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)等方法分析了不同船舱木材的降解情况、以及木材中硫铁化合物的类型、含量、分布情况。结果表明,南海Ⅰ号不同船舱木材降解程度不一,No.4和No.7船舱木材的综纤维素含量与木质素含量的比值(H/L)较小,降解程度较高,No.11船舱木材的H/L值最高,降解程度最低。南海Ⅰ号船体木材中的无机沉积物主要为硫铁化合物,以黄铁矿(FeS2)、羟基氧化铁(FeOOH)和菱铁矿(FeCO3)为主,分布在木材管胞、木射线等细胞孔隙中,并附在细胞壁内层。受铁器装载情况和木材保存状况的影响,南海Ⅰ号船体木材中的铁元素含量较高且不同船舱差异较大,No.11船舱木材的铁元素含量在2.5%以下,No.4船舱木材铁元素含量在1%~5%之间,No.7船舱木材的铁元素含量在0.3%~30%均有分布。而硫元素的积累主要来自海洋微生物的降解反应,最初以硫化氢气体的形式扩散进入木材内部,与木质素反应生成硫醇在木材中积累,因此含量较少且不同船舱差异较小,三个船舱木材中的硫元素含量在5%~10%之间。通过研究掌握了南海Ⅰ号不同船舱木材的降解情况、硫铁化合物的分布规律及含量,旨在为南海Ⅰ号船体木材的硫铁化合物脱除保护提供指导。The NanhaiⅠShipwreck is China's first ancient shipwreck to be salvaged from the ocean.It is renowned for its well-preserved condition,large size,and abundant cultural relics.The wood of the NanhaiⅠShipwreck contains a considerable amount of iron sulfides,which threaten the shipwreck's long-term and safe preservation.However,a significant gap exists in studying the iron sulfides in the shipwreck's wood.This study selected three typical cabins of the NanhaiⅠshipwreck(No.4,No.7,and No.11),which had significant differences in the quantities of iron cargo loaded,as the research subjects.Wet chemistry methods,optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer(ICP)were used to analyze the wood degradation of different cabins,as well as the distribution,morphology,and composition of the iron sulfides,and sulfur and iron content.The results showed that the degree of wood degradation varied among different cabins.The ratio of holocellulose content to lignin content(H/L)of the wood in cabins No.4 and No.7 was relatively low,indicating a higher degree of degradation.In contrast,the H/L value of the wood in cabin No.11 was the highest,indicating the lowest degree of degradation.The inorganic sediments in the wood of the NanhaiⅠshipwreck are primarily iron sulfides,mainly including pyrite(FeS2),hydroxylated iron oxide(FeOOH),and siderite(FeCO3).These compounds are distributed within the wood cell structures such as tracheids and wood rays,and are attached to the inner layer of cell walls.Due to the ironware's loading conditions and the wood's preservation state,the iron content in the wood of the NanhaiⅠshipwreck is relatively high and varies significantly among different cabins.The iron content in the wood of cabin No.11 is mainly below 2.5%,while in cabins No.4 and No.7,it is mainly between 1%~5%and between 0.3%~30%,respectively.The sulfur element primarily originates from the degradation reaction of marine microorganisms and diffuses

关 键 词：考古木材 保存状况 沉积物 X射线衍射仪(XRD) 离子体发射光谱仪(ICP) 

分 类 号：K876.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]