一批古代玻璃玦的化学成分和制作工艺科学研究  

Scientific Research on the Chemical Composition and Making Process of a Batch of Ancient Glass Jue

作　　者：黄珏玮 董俊卿[1,2] 刘松 袁仪梦[1] 李青会 HUANG Jue-wei;DONG Jun-qing;LIU Song;YUAN Yi-meng;LI Qing-hui(Sci-Tech Archaeology Center,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所科技考古中心,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心,北京100049

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2025年第5期1403-1415,共13页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD235)资助。

摘　　要：佩戴首饰是从古代社会流行至今的一种传统习俗。玦饰作为一种佩饰,是中国古代传统玉器器形之一,对东南亚影响颇深。玦饰材质和器型多样,具有显著的时代和区域特征,是技术和文化交流传播的重要载体之一。目前有关亚洲古代佩饰的研究主要涉及宝石和玻璃珠饰等,而玻璃玦饰鲜有报道。通过玻璃玦饰的化学成分体系和微量元素特征,有望对东南亚发现的玻璃玦饰的制作年代和海上丝绸之路文化交流提供科学参考。采用能量色散型X射线荧光光谱(EDXRF)、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)、光学相干层析成像(OCT)、超景深光学显微(OM)和共聚焦激光拉曼显微光谱技术对东南亚地区发现的44件玻璃玦进行了科学分析,获取其化学成分、物相组成、内部物理结构和表面微观形貌等信息。根据主要助熔剂含量,这批玻璃玦可分为钾玻璃、钠铝玻璃和钾铅玻璃三种体系,其中钾玻璃42件,钠铝玻璃和钾铅玻璃各1件。钾玻璃中有38件低钙高铝型钾玻璃和4件中等钙铝型钾玻璃。玻璃加工工艺包括拉制法、模铸法和冷加工法。多数蓝绿色、绿色、黄绿色玻璃玦样品以铁离子着色为主,部分由铁离子和铜离子共同着色;深蓝色、蓝色样品主要以钴离子着色;黑色样品SEAG-005主要由锰离子着色;钾铅玻璃SEAG-031使用了锡酸铅作为着色剂和乳浊剂。结合玦饰的玻璃体系、微量元素特征、外形和分布等信息,初步讨论了所分析玻璃玦样品的可能原料来源和生产中心。这批东南亚发现的玻璃玦饰见证了公元前500年至公元500年间,中华传统文化通过海上丝绸之路向东南亚传播及其与当地技术与文化的融合。研究结果为中国与海上丝绸之路沿线其他国家的合作研究提供了前期基础。Wearing ornaments is a traditional custom that has been popular from ancient to present.As a type of ornament,Jue is one of the traditional types of jade artifacts in ancient China,which profoundly influenced Southeast Asia.Jue has diverse materials and shapes,has significant historical and regional characteristics,and is one of the important carriers for technological and cultural exchange.Up until now,research on ancient Asian ornaments has mainly involved gemstones and glass beads,while there are few reports on glass Jue.Studying the chemical compositions and trace element characteristics of glass Jue is expected to provide scientific references for the production era of glass Jue found in Southeast Asia and cultural exchanges along the Maritime Silk Road.In this paper,44 glass Jue found in Southeast Asia have been scientifically analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(EDXRF),laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS),optical coherence tomography(OCT),optical microscopy(OM)and confocal laser Raman microspectroscopy.The Jue samples'chemical compositions,phase components,internal physical structures,and surface micromorphology are obtained.According to the main flux content of these glass Jue samples,they can be classified into three glass types:potash glass,soda-alumina glass,and potash-lead glass.42 samples belong to potash glass,and the 2 samples left belong to soda-alumina glass and potash-lead glass,respectively.Two subgroups,the m-K-Al subgroup and the m-K-Ca-Al subgroup,are found for potash glass.Only 4 potash glass samples belong to the m-K-Ca-Al subgroup;the others are the m-K-Al subgroup potash glass.Drawing,casting,and cold-working techniques were applied during glass making.Most of the blue-green,green,and yellow-green glass Jue samples are mainly colored with iron ions,and some of them are colored with both iron and copper ions.The blue and blue-black samples are colored with cobalt ions;the black sample SEAG-005 is colored with manganese ions.The

关 键 词：古代玻璃玦 东南亚 化学成分 玻璃加工工艺 海上丝绸之路 

分 类 号：K883[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]