国际组织何以自我合法化?——以世界卫生组织为例  

Self-Legitimation of International Organizations:A Case Study of the World Health Organization

作　　者：晋继勇 马巍 JIN Jiyong;MA Wei

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200083

出　　处：《国际展望》2025年第3期70-89,178,179,共22页Global Review

基　　金：2022年国家社科基金重点项目“开展抗击新冠肺炎疫情国际合作研究”(22AZD110)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：国际组织自我合法化是指国际组织通过发挥自主性来维护或强化其合法性的过程。国际组织的合法性漂移,成员国基于国内议程而对国际组织的政治化,以及国际组织对自身存续和声誉的考量,是其自我合法化的主要动因。作为自我合法化的施动者,国际组织针对其受众主要通过合法性叙事、议题联盟以及国际规范革新来实现自我合法化。以世界卫生组织为例,自20世纪90年代起,其遭受了前所未有的合法性危机。为应对这一挑战,世卫组织通过基于价值观的合法性叙事、构建全球卫生议题联盟以及革新全球卫生治理规范等方式来实现自我合法化。这些举措使世卫组织在一定程度上强化了其合法性。然而,鉴于全球卫生治理图景的不断变化和逆全球化思潮的回潮,世卫组织的自我合法化将不是一个单向度的动态发展过程。The self-legitimation of international organizations refers to the process by which they maintain or enhance their legitimacy by asserting autonomy.This process is often driven by factors such as legitimacy drift,the politicization of international organizations by member states for domestic purposes,and concerns over organizational survival and reputation.Self-legitimation is a persistent feature in the functioning of international organizations.As agents of their own legitimacy,these organizations engage in self-legitimation primarily through constructing legitimacy narratives,forming issue-based alliances,and reforming international norms.Since the 1990s,the World Health Organization has faced an unprecedented crisis of legitimacy.In response,it has pursued self-legitimation by promoting value-based legitimacy narratives,building global health partnerships,and reforming global health governance norms.These efforts have,to some extent,helped bolster its legitimacy.However,given the evolving landscape of global health governance and the resurgence of anti-globalization sentiment,the WHO’s self-legitimation is unlikely to remain a straightforward or unidirectional process.

关 键 词：国际组织 自我合法化 世界卫生组织 全球卫生治理 

分 类 号：D813.7[政治法律—国际关系]