战略叙事的双重竞争:美国对华政策极端化的生成逻辑  

The Dual of Strategic Narratives:How U.S.Policy toward China Turned Radical

作　　者：王联合 孟晓宇 WANG Lianhe;MENG Xiaoyu

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200083

出　　处：《国际展望》2025年第3期113-135,180,181,共25页Global Review

摘　　要：自2017年以来,美国对华战略由“对华接触”转向了“对华竞争”,且在历经共和党与民主党交替执政后,美国对华竞争政策日益呈现出固化难返、强硬升级和情绪化等极端化趋势。美国对华政策之所以能够超越政治极化与反对之声,在民主与共和两党之间形成共识,并不断走向极端化,“战略叙事竞争”视角提供了一种合理的解释。在对自2010年以来美国两党对华叙事竞争进行过程追踪后发现,战略叙事竞争与政策极端化之间存在因果关系:当处于竞争激烈且不易妥协的大环境时,为排他性地发挥战略叙事功能,叙事人会先后开启战略叙事间竞争和战略叙事内竞争。在战略叙事间竞争中,取得强势地位的战略叙事通过自我强化和胁迫排挤其他异质性战略叙事,实现寡头化;继而叙事人在寡头战略叙事框架内,开启关于叙事信誉的竞争,导致用以实现叙事行为预期的外交政策被逐步推向极端化。Since Donald Trump’s ascent to power,U.S.policy toward China has pivoted from engagement to competition—a shift that,through successive Republican and Democratic administrations,has hardened into an increasingly entrenched,escalatory,and emotive stance.This radicalization,cutting through America’s political polarization to forge a rare bipartisan consensus,finds a compelling explanation in the lens of“strategic narrative competition.”By tracing the interplay of competing narratives between the two major U.S.parties since 2010,this study uncovers a causal link between narrative rivalry and policy extremism.In a polarized and uncompromising climate,narrators—seeking to monopolize the strategic function of their accounts—engage in a two-stage contest:first,a“competition between strategic narratives,”where a dominant narrative consolidates power by reinforcing itself and sidelining rival perspectives;then,a“competition within strategic narratives,”where the struggle for credibility within this narrowed framework drives foreign policy toward ever more extreme measures to fulfill narrative promises.This dynamic not only illuminates the solidification of America’s confrontational posture toward China but also reveals how narrative battles shape the trajectory of superpower rivalry.

关 键 词：战略叙事 叙事竞争 极端化 对华竞争 中美关系 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]