播期和播量对超晚播小麦群体生长、干物质积累及产量的影响  

The Effects of Sowing Date and Sowing Rate on the Growth,Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Extremely Late-Sown Wheat Population

作　　者：田文强 王泓懿 聂凌帆 孙刚刚 张君 张强斌 于姗 李家豪 张金汕[1] 石书兵[1] Tian Wenqiang;Wang Hongyi;Nie Lingfan;Sun Ganggang;Zhang Jun;Zhang Qiangbin;Yu Shan;Li Jiahao;Zhang Jinshan;Shi Shubing(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第2期115-122,共8页Crops

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项:新疆小麦绿色丰产提质增效技术优化集成及应用(2021B02002-1)。

摘　　要：为明确北疆地区超晚播小麦适宜的播期和播量组合,以新冬18号为材料,主区设D1(10月25日)、D2(11月4日)、D3(11月14日)超晚播期处理,裂区设R1(750万粒/hm^(2))、R2(1000万粒/hm^(2))、R3(1250万粒/hm^(2))、R4(1500万粒/hm^(2))播量处理,选择当地常规播期和播量(9月25日、600万粒/hm^(2))为对照(CK),研究了播期和播量对北疆地区超晚播小麦群体生长、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,超晚播小麦加大播量,总茎蘖数峰值推迟20 d出现,最终增加51.59%,叶面积指数(LAI)峰值增加3.15%,叶片面积减小,散射辐射透过率最低值减少7.57%,直射辐射透过率最低值减少5.74%,消光系数峰值增加0.71%,干物质积累量峰值减少29.32%,穗数增加20.57%,穗粒数、千粒重、产量分别减少38.71%、2.38%和7.60%。在超晚播条件下,相同播量下,总茎蘖数、干物质量、穗数及产量表现为D2>D1>D3,LAI、旗叶和倒二叶面积及消光系数表现为D1>D2>D3,散射和直射辐射透过率表现为D3>D2>D1,穗粒数和千粒重表现为D3>D1>D2;相同播期下,加大播量,产量先升高后降低,R2最高,总茎蘖数、LAI、消光系数及干物质积累量随之增加,叶片面积、散射和直射辐射透过率、穗粒数和千粒重随之减少。超晚播小麦适当加大播量,有利于产量提高,北疆超晚播小麦适宜的播期播量组合为11月4日播种1000万粒/hm^(2)。To clarify the suitable sowing date and sowing rate combination for extremely late-sown wheat in the northern region of Xinjiang,using Xindong 18 as the material,D1(October 25th),D2(November 4th),and D3(November 14th)extremely late-sown treatments were set in the main plot,while R1(750×10^(4) seeds/ha),R2(1000×10^(4) seeds/ha),R3(1250×10^(4) seeds/ha),and R4(1500×10^(4) seeds/ha)sowing treatments were set in the split plot.Local conventional sowing date and sowing rate(September 25th,600×104 seeds/ha)were selected as the control(CK).The effects of sowing date and sowing rate on the growth,dry matter accumulation,and yield of extremely late-sown wheat population in northern Xinjiang were studied.The results showed that compared with CK,with the increase of sowing rate of extremely late-sown wheat,the peak of total tiller number was delayed by 20 d,and ultimately increased by 51.59%.The peak of leaf area index(LAI)increased by 3.15%,and the leaf area decreased.The lowest value of scattered radiation transmittance decreased by 7.57%,the lowest value of direct radiation transmittance decreased by 5.74%,the peak value of extinction system increased by 0.71%,the peak value of dry matter accumulation decreased by 29.32%,the number of spikes increased by 20.57%,the grains per spike,the 1000-grain weight,and the yield decreased by 38.71%,2.38%and 7.60%,respectively.Under extremely late-sown conditions,with the same sowing rate,the total number of tillers,dry matter accumulation,the number of spikes and yield manifest D2>D1>D3,LAI,flag leaf and inverted second leaf size,and extinction coefficient manifest D1>D2>D3,scattered and direct radiation transmittance showed D3>D2>D1,spike number and 1000-grain weight manifest D3>D1>D2;At the same sowing date,increasing yield first increased and then decreased when the sowing rate was increased,reaching the highest at R2.The total number of tillers,LAI,extinction coefficient,and dry matter accumulation also increased,while leaf size,scattering and direct radiation transmittance

关 键 词：播期 播量 超晚播小麦 群体 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]