控释尿素对寒地水稻农艺性状、产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Different Controlled-Release Urea on Agronomic Traits,Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Cold Region Rice

作　　者：姬景红 刘双全 马星竹 郝小雨 郑雨 赵月 王晓军 匡恩俊 Ji Jinghong;Liu Shuangquan;Ma Xingzhu;Hao Xiaoyu;Zheng Yu;Zhao Yue;Wang Xiaojun;Kuang Enjun(Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/The Key Lab of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition/Research Center of Fertilizer Engineering and Technology of Heilongjian Province,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院/农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室/黑龙江省肥料工程技术研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第2期149-154,共6页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1501305,2023YFD2301600)。

摘　　要：通过2年田间试验,研究不同控释尿素(CRU)、普通尿素施用方式对黑龙江寒地水稻农艺性状、产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,在氮肥一次性基施条件下,与普通尿素(BU)处理相比,CRU_(60)(控释期60d)和CRU_(90)(控释期90d)处理水稻有效分蘖数和穗数差异不显著,千粒重显著增加,其中CRU_(90)处理显著增加实粒数,平均增产6.4%,氮肥利用率提高7.5个百分点,CRU_(60)处理水稻穗粒数、产量、氮肥利用率未表现出显著差异水平;与普通尿素一基两追(CF)相比,CRU_(60)和CRU_(90)处理千粒重显著增加,其中CRU_(60)处理显著降低穗实粒数,平均减产10.6%,氮肥利用率降低7.4个百分点;而CRU_(90)处理水稻有效分蘖数、有效穗数、穗粒数、产量、氮肥利用率与CF差异不显著。可见,在黑龙江省第一和第二积温带水稻生产中,与普通尿素相比,采用控释尿素有利于水稻产量及氮肥利用率的提高;在没有侧深施肥的前提下,实施简化施肥应优先选择控释期较长(90d)的控释尿素。In a two-year field experiments,the effects of different controlled-release urea(CRU)and urea application methods on agronomic characteristics,yield,and nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice in the cold region of Heilongjiang were studied.The results showed that under the condition of a single basal application of nitrogen fertilizer,compared with urea(BU),CRU_(60)(controlled-release period of 60 days)and CRU_(90)(controlled-release period of 90 days),there was no significant difference in the number of effective tillers and panicles.The 1000-grain weight significantly increased.Especially,the number of grains per panicle was significantly increased,resulting in an average yield increase of 6.4%,and 7.5 percentage points increase in nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency in the CRU_(90)treatment.The rice grain number,yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency did not show significant differences under the CRU_(60)treatment.Compared with the treatment of applying urea once as basal fertilizer and twice as topdressing(CF),the 1000-grain weight was significantly increased under CRU_(60)and CRU_(90)treatments.The CRU_(60)treatment significantly reduced the number of filled-grains per panicle,with an average yield decrease of 10.6%,and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency decreased by 7.4 percentage points.There was no significant difference between CRU_(90)and CF treatments in the number of effective tillers,effective panicle number,grain number per panicle,yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency.In the rice production in the first and second accumulated temperature zones of Heilongjiang,controlled-release urea was more beneficial to rice yield and fertilizer utilization than common urea under the same treatment conditions.Under the condition of no lateral deep fertilization,the urea with longer controlled release period(90 days)should be selected preferentially.

关 键 词：水稻 控释尿素 农艺性状 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]