微生物菌剂配施时期对根际土壤细菌多样性、酶活性及烤烟产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Application Period of Microbial Inoculants on Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Diversity,Enzyme Activity and Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

作　　者：张纪利[1] 何敬浩 韦建玉[1] 黄崇峻[1] 王维[2] 蔡一霞[3] Zhang Jili;He Jinghao;Wei Jianyu;Huang Chongjun;Wang Wei;Cai Yixia(China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530001,Guangxi,China;College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China;College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广西中烟工业有限责任公司,广西南宁530001 [2]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642 [3]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第2期162-171,共10页Crops

基　　金：广西中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2021450000340018)。

摘　　要：为确认微生物菌剂施用时期,探究不同时期施加微生物菌剂对植烟土壤微生物多样性、酶活性以及烤烟产量和品质的影响。设置起垄时施用(A1)、移栽时施用(A2)、团棵期施用(A3)、不施用(CK)4个处理,应用16S rDNA测序研究不同处理细菌群落结构分布情况,同时测定土壤酶活性、烤烟产量和质量相关指标并调查田间病情,以明确土壤、细菌和烤烟三者的关系。结果表明,与CK相比,微生物菌剂的施用均显著提高根际土壤细菌群落观测物种数(Observed species)、香农指数(Shannon index)和辛普森指数(Simpson index)。相较于A1和A3处理,A2处理的根际土壤中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)的相对丰度最高,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)的相对丰度降低,根际土壤中的多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性最高,并显著降低烟草青枯病发病率和病情指数,还能提高烤烟产量、产值、均价以及上等烟比例。移栽期施加微生物菌剂对烟草青枯病有较好的防治效果,还能有效提高根际土壤有益细菌群落的丰富度,显著提升植烟土壤酶活性,使烟叶化学成分更协调,增加烤烟的经济效益。To confirm the period of microbial agent application,this study explored the impact of applying microbial agents at different stages on the soil microbial diversity,enzyme activity,and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.Four treatments were set:application at ridging period(A1),application at transplanting(A2),application at bulk curing stage(A3),and no application(CK).The bacterial community structure under different treatments was sequenced using 16S rDNA.Meanwhile,soil enzyme activity,relevant indicators of flue-cured tobacco production and quality were determined,and field disease conditions were investigated to clarify the relationship among soil,bacteria,and flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that,compared with CK,the application of microbial agents significantly increased the number of Observed species,Shannon index,and Simpson index of observed bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil.Compared with A1 and A3 treatments,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Gemmatimonadetes were highest in the rhizosphere soil under A2 treatment.At the same time,the relative abundance of Acidobacteria decreased.The activities of polyphenol oxidase,sucrase,urease,and catalase were highest in the rhizosphere soil,and the incidence rate and disease index of tobacco bacterial wilt were significantly decreased.It could also increase the yield,output value,average price,and the proportion of surperior tobacco.The application of microbial inoculants during transplanting had a notable preventive effect against tobacco bacterial wilt.It also effectively enriched the beneficial bacterial community in the rhizospheric soil,enhanced soil enzyme activity,improved the chemical composition of tobacco leaves,and ultimately increased the economic benefits of tobacco cultivation.

关 键 词：烤烟 根际土壤 微生物菌剂 细菌多样性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]