不同农作物种植对土壤和作物重金属的影响  

Effects of Different Crops Planting on Heavy Metals in Soils and Crops

作　　者：黄承建 李祥[1] 刘小康 潘庭杰 雷宁 罗芳 赵思毅 Huang Chengjian;Li Xiang;Liu Xiaokang;Pan Tingjie;Lei Ning;Luo Fang;Zhao Siyi(Modern Agricultural Institution,Dazhou Vocational and Technical College,Dazhou 635000,Sichuan,China;Dazhou Agricultural Environmental Protection Monitoring Station,Dazhou 635000,Sichuan,China;Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dazhou 635000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]达州职业技术学院现代农业学院,四川达州635000 [2]达州市农业环境保护监测站,四川达州635000 [3]达州市农业科学研究院,四川达州635000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第2期180-188,共9页Crops

基　　金：达州市重点研发计划“苎麻对粮田土壤重金属污染修复的研究”(21ZDYF0014);四川省“十四五”农作物及畜禽育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0019)。

摘　　要：以苎麻地、间套作旱地和水稻田及种植农作物为研究对象,分析土壤和农作物重金属含量、污染风险及影响因素,评价苎麻与粮油作物对重金属的富集能力。结果表明,苎麻地土壤Cd含量显著低于水稻田,高于间套作旱地,Pb、Cr、Hg、As含量在作物种植地之间差异不显著(P<0.05);苎麻地和间套作旱地少数点位土壤Cd含量超过农用地风险筛选值,水稻田Cd未超标。苎麻根Pb、Cr、Hg含量显著高于稻米、玉米籽粒、马铃薯块茎和油菜籽,Cd、As含量显著低于稻米;稻米少数样品Cd含量超过食品污染物限值,其他粮油作物重金属未超标。土壤酸性条件和不同农作物种植所引起的土壤有机质含量差异,以及磷肥的过量施用是导致苎麻地和间套作旱地Cd超标的主要因素。总体上,3类种植地土壤和粮油作物重金属综合污染均处于安全和警戒线水平;苎麻对Cd和As的富集能力显著低于稻米,对Pb、Cr、Hg的富集能力高于粮油作物;苎麻种植用于非矿区普通农田重金属污染土壤的修复效果优于粮油作物,但用于水稻田Cd、As污染的治理需延长修复年限。Taking ramie(Boehmeria nivea)fields,intercropped and relay-cropped drylands,paddy fields,and planted with crops as the research objects,the content of heavy metals in soil and crops were measured,heavy metal pollution risk and the influencing factors were analyzed,and the heavy metal enrichment capacity of ramie,food and oil crops to soil heavy metals were evaluated.The results showed that the content of soil Cd in ramie fields was significantly lower than that in paddy fields,but greater than that in relay-cropped drylands,no significant difference was detected for the contents of Pb,Cr,Hg and As among crop cultivated fields(P<0.05).In addition,Cd content in a few sites in ramie fields and intercropping and relay-cropped drylands other than in the paddy fields exceeded the risk screening value of agricultural land soil.Moreover,the contents of Pb,Cr and Hg were significantly greater in ramie roots than that in rice grains,maize grains,potato tubers and rapeseeds.However,the contents of Cd and As were significantly lower in ramie roots than that in rice grains.Cd content in a few rice grain samples exceeded the limit of pollutant in food,whereas that in other food and oil crops did not exceed the standard line of pollutants in food.The acid soil conditions,the difference in the content of soil organic matter due to differently cultivated crops,and the overdose of phosphorus fertilizers were the main factors led to the excessive Cd in ramie fields and intercropping and relay-cropped drylands.In conclusion,the comprehensive pollution of heavy metals in soils,food and oil crops in three types of cultivated field was all in safety and vigilance levels.The enrichment capacity of ramie to heavy metal Cd and As were significantly lower than that of rice grains,but to heavy metal Pb,Cr and Hg were higher than that of food and oil crops.Thus,the phytoremediation effect of ramie on heavy metal pollution soil in ordinary farmlands outside mining areas was better than that of food and oil crops.However,the phytoremediation p

关 键 词：苎麻 粮油作物 土壤 重金属污染 富集 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]