双电极直流镍铁矿热炉熔炼特性及多物理场耦合的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of melting characteristics and multiphysical field coupling in a dual-electrode DC nickel-iron electric furnace

作　　者：程宗强 杨祎晗 伦晓军 侯雨欣 CHENG Zongqiang;YANG Yihan;LUN Xiaojun;HOU Yuxin(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳化工大学机械与动力工程学院,辽宁沈阳110142

出　　处：《有色设备》2025年第2期62-69,82,共9页Nonferrous Metallurgical Equipment

摘　　要：本文针对双电极直流镍铁矿热炉的熔炼过程进行数值模拟研究,旨在探究炉内多物理场的耦合规律,为优化镍铁矿热炉的生产提供理论依据。研究采用三维瞬态多物理场模型,基于有限体积法对矿热炉熔炼过程中的电场、热场以及焦耳热的分布进行了模拟。利用用户自定义函数(UDF)将电磁力和焦耳热等源项加入动量守恒方程和能量守恒方程。此外,还考虑了电弧区和熔池区的复杂物理现象,例如电热转换、电磁感应和磁场扰动。模拟结果显示,电流从电极流入,在电极与炉膛底部之间、电极与电极之间以及电极与炉膛侧壁之间形成了明显的电流路径;随着熔炼时间的增加,焦耳热在电弧附近不断积累,炉膛温度持续升高,出现明显的临近效应;熔炼40 min时,焦耳热的最大值为3.07×10^(8)W/m^(3),最高温度为5182 K;到50 min时,焦耳热最大值增至3.45×10^(8)W/m^(3),最高温度增至5379 K;此外,外加电压增加,电极下方逐渐形成温度较高的坩埚区,电弧区最高温度从4853 K增至5833 K,熔池温度峰值从1891 K增至2026 K,这表明增加外加电压有助于提升矿料区整体温度,从而提高熔炼效率。This paper conducts a numerical simulation study on the melting process of a dual-electrode DC nickel-iron electric furnace,aiming to explore the coupling laws of multiphysical fields inside the furnace and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the production of nickel-iron electric furnaces.The study employs a three-dimensional transient multiphysical field model and uses the finite volume method to simulate the distribution of electric field,thermal field,and Joule heat during the melting process of the electric furnace.User-defined functions(UDF)are utilized to incorporate source terms such as electromagnetic force and Joule heat into the momentum conservation equation and energy conservation equation.Additionally,complex physical phenomena in the arc zone and molten pool zone,such as electrothermal conversion,electromagnetic induction,and magnetic field disturbance,are taken into account.The simulation results show that the current flows from the electrodes,forming distinct current paths between the electrodes and the furnace bottom,between the electrodes themselves,and between the electrodes and the furnace side walls.As the melting time increases,Joule heat accumulates near the arc,causing the furnace temperature to rise continuously and resulting in a pronounced proximity effect.After 40 minutes of melting,the maximum value of Joule heat is 3.07×10^(8) W/m^(3),and the highest temperature is 5182 K;by 50 minutes,the maximum value of Joule heat increases to 3.45×10^(8) W/m^(3),and the highest temperature rises to 5379 K.Furthermore,as the applied voltage increases,a crucible zone with higher temperature gradually forms below the electrodes.The highest temperature in the arc zone increases from 4853 K to 5833 K,and the peak temperature of the molten pool rises from 1891 K to 2026 K.This indicates that increasing the applied voltage helps to raise the overall temperature of the ore zone,thereby enhancing the melting efficiency.

关 键 词：多物理场 矿热炉 温度场 焦耳热 镍铁 熔池 熔炼 

分 类 号：TF815[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]