梯级液压坝对河床冲淤空间分布的影响  

Spatial Evolution of the Effect of Cascade Hydraulic Lifting Dam on the Riverbed Erosion and Deposition Characteristics

作　　者：程悦 任春平 CHENG Yue;REN Chunping(Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学,山西太原030024

出　　处：《人民黄河》2025年第5期58-65,共8页Yellow River

基　　金：水利工程安全与仿真国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(HESS-2006);山西省自然科学基金资助项目(202103021224116);山西省回国留学人员科研教研项目(2023-67)。

摘　　要：在河流生态修复中常采用梯级液压坝群调控河道水动力以达到河流生态修复的目的,同时梯级液压坝所形成的逐级坝控单元内冲淤特性会有较大变化,其空间分布规律尚不明了。针对此问题,以汾河中游梯级液压坝群控制河段为研究对象,基于Delft 3DFM构建了该河段水沙二维数值模型,利用该模型研究了4种不同的液压坝群运行方案、4场不同频率洪水条件下,逐级坝控单元内冲淤特性的空间变化。结果表明:从纵向空间变化来看总体上河道呈现淤积状态,沿程逐级坝控单元冲淤量先减小后增大再减小,在1996年大洪水时期变化更为明显,淤积量最大;液压坝全坝运行方案下对河段整体影响与无坝运行、仅有边滩或主槽坝运行明显不同,可见梯级液压坝对河道冲淤过程有较大影响。In river restoration,a group of hydraulic step dams is commonly used to regulate the flow of the river channel and achieve ecologi⁃cal restoration goals.At the same time,the characteristics of siltation in the step hydraulic dam control unit will change,and the spatial dis⁃tribution law is not yet clear.This paper focused on the middle reaches of the Fenhe River step hydraulic dam group control section as the re⁃search subject to resolve this issue.It created a two⁃dimensional numerical model of water and sand in this section based on Delft 3D FM and studied the spatial changes of siltation characteristics in the step hydraulic dam control unit under four different hydraulic dam group operation schemes and four flood conditions with varying frequencies by using this model.The results show that from the changes in the overall siltation state of the river channel over time,the siltation amount of the dam control unit by level along the course of the first decrease,then increase and then decrease in the 1996 flood period,the change is more noticeable.The largest amount of siltation occurs during the hydraulic dams’full operation throughout the river section and other three programs.The hydraulic dams’gradients have a greater impact on the river siltation process.

关 键 词：梯级液压坝 坝控单元 冲淤特性 空间变化 数值模拟 汾河中游 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]