西北灌区青贮玉米产量及品质对减量灌水与有机无机肥配施的响应  

Response of Silage Maize Yield and Quality to Reduced Irrigation and Combined Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer in Northwest Irrigation Areas

作　　者：韦文华 李盼 邵冠贵 樊志龙[1] 胡发龙[1] 范虹 何蔚 柴强[1] 殷文[1] 赵连豪 WEI WenHua;LI Pan;SHAO GuanGui;FAN ZhiLong;HU FaLong;FAN Hong;HE Wei;CHAI Qiang;YIN Wen;ZHAO LianHao(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第8期1521-1534,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1900405);甘肃省高校产业支撑计划项目(2025CYZC-037);国家自然科学基金(32372238,32460547);甘肃省科技计划项目(25JRRA347,24ZDNA008)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对西北干旱灌区青贮玉米生产中不合理的水肥施用导致产量不稳定及品质下降等问题,探讨减量灌水结合有机无机肥等氮配施对青贮玉米产量和品质的影响,为西北灌区青贮玉米的高产优质栽培技术筛选出适宜的水肥管理模式。【方法】于2021—2022年,在甘肃农业大学绿洲农业试验基地开展基于双因素裂区设计的大田试验研究。主区为2个灌水水平,分别为I1(常规灌水量减量20%,324 mm)、I2(常规灌水量,405 mm),采用滴灌方式灌溉;裂区为5个不同的施肥处理,分别是F1(全施化学氮肥)、F2(75%化学氮肥与25%有机肥混合施用)、F3(50%化学氮肥与50%有机肥混合施用)、F4(25%化学氮肥与75%有机肥混合施用)、F5(全施有机肥)。分析不同水肥管理模式对青贮玉米产量、籽粒品质及秸秆品质的影响,并采用因子分析对青贮玉米的产量和品质进行综合评价。【结果】单一减量灌水会造成青贮玉米产量和品质的降低,有机无机等氮肥配施有利于增强减量灌水条件下青贮玉米产量和品质协同提升的潜力,其中以减量20%灌水结合75%化学氮肥+25%有机肥配施(I1F2)优势突出。I1F2可显著提高青贮玉米鲜草和干草产量,与常规灌水结合全施化学氮肥(对照,I2F1)相比鲜草与干草产量分别提高9.9%与12.7%。同时,I1F2仍可保持青贮玉米较高的籽粒与秸秆品质。与I2F1相比,I1F2籽粒蛋白、脂肪含量分别提高17.4%、20.5%,必需氨基酸含量(苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸和甲硫氨酸含量)分别提高17.4%、13.9%、19.4%、17.9%、23.1%、30.0%、44.5%和22.0%。I1F2较I2F1秸秆粗蛋白、粗脂肪和可溶性糖含量分别提高13.9%、19.1%和15.6%,中性洗涤纤维含量降低13.5%,进而相对饲用价值提高14.0%。通过因子分析发现,I1F2具有最高的综合适应性指数,有利于青贮玉米增产提质。【结论】减量20%灌水�【Objective】In terms of the issues of yield instability and quality deterioration caused by improper water and fertilizer application,the effects of reduced irrigation combined with organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of silage maize in arid irrigated regions of Northwest China were investigated,so as to identify optimal water and fertilizer management practices for achieving high yield and superior quality in silage maize cultivation in the irrigated areas.【Method】From 2021 to 2022,a field experiment based on two-factor split-plot design was carried out at the Oasis Agricultural Experimental Base of Gansu Agricultural University.The main factor was two irrigation levels,respectively,including I1conventional irrigation reduction 20 % irrigation was 324 mm,and I2 conventional irrigation is 405 mm,and drip irrigation was used.The sub-factor included five different fertilization regimes:F1,100% chemical nitrogen fertilizer;F2,75% chemical nitrogen fertilizer+25% organic fertilizer;F3,50% chemical nitrogen fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer;F4,25% chemical nitrogen fertilizer+75% organic fertilizer;and F5,100% organic fertilizer.The effects of different water and fertilizer management practices on the yield,grain quality,and stalk quality of silage maize were analyzed,and the comprehensive evaluation of the yield and quality of silage maize was performed using factor analysis.【Result】Reducing irrigation alone led to a decrease in the yield and quality of silage maize.However,the combined application of organic-inorganic nitrogen fertilizers helped to enhance the potential for simultaneously improving both yield and quality under reduced irrigation conditions.Notably,the combination of reduced 20% irrigation with 75% chemical nitrogen fertilizer+25% organic fertilizer(I1F2) demonstrated significant advantages.The I1F2 treatment significantly increased fresh and hay yields of silage maize,with fresh and dry grass yields improving by 9.9% and 12.7% over conventional irrigation

关 键 词：青贮玉米 品质 产量 有机无机肥配施 减量灌水 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]