秸秆与紫云英覆盖对土壤肥力及甘薯产量的影响  

Effects of Straw and Milk Vetch Mulching on Soil Fertility and Sweet Potato Yield

作　　者：李绍兴 宋稳锋 魏泽煜 周玉玲 宋李霞 任可 马群 王龙昌 LI ShaoXing;SONG WenFeng;WEI ZeYu;ZHOU YuLing;SONG LiXia;REN Ke;MA Qun;WANG LongChang(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture,Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第8期1591-1603,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31871583)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨秸秆、绿肥覆盖还田对西南旱地土壤肥力及作物产量的影响,为合理高效、生态健康的保护性耕作措施提供依据。【方法】以西南地区“蚕豆/玉米/甘薯”旱三熟套作模式中的甘薯季为研究对象,设无覆盖(CK)、秸秆覆盖(S)、紫云英覆盖(M)、秸秆+紫云英覆盖(S+M)4个处理,研究其对土壤理化性质、微生物碳源代谢活性以及甘薯干物质积累和产量的影响。【结果】(1)较地表无覆盖(CK),秸秆覆盖(S)和紫云英覆盖(M)对甘薯季土壤理化性质、生物学特性具有一定的改善作用,其中以秸秆与紫云英(S+M)协同覆盖的效果最佳。(2)基于主成分分析的土壤肥力综合评价表明,S和M处理的土壤肥力均高于CK,其中S+M处理在根际与非根际土壤的综合得分均为最高。(3)S+M处理显著提高了甘薯各器官干物质量以及甘薯产量,S+M、S、M处理下甘薯产量相较于CK处理分别提高34.53%、14.60%、11.55%。【结论】在西南“旱三熟”区进行秸秆与紫云英覆盖,能有效改善土壤理化性质及生物学特性,提升土壤肥力,提高甘薯干物质量及产量。【Objective】This study aimed to explore the effects of straw and green manure mulching on soil fertility and crop yield on the dryland in southwest China,so as to provide the theoretical basis and practical guidance for exploring reasonable,efficient and ecologically healthy conservation tillage measures in southwest China.【Method】The sweet potato field in the"broad bean/maize/sweet potato"dry three-crop intercropping mode in southwest China was selected as the research object,and four treatments were set up:no mulching(CK),straw mulching(S),straw and milk vetch mulching(S+M),and milk vetch mulching(M).The effects of different treatments on soil characteristics and soil fertility,sweet potato dry matter content in the sweet potato field were studied.【Result】(1)Compared with no-mulching treatment,straw and milk vetch mulching could improve the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of soil in sweet potato field.Among them,straw and milk vetch mulching had the best effect.(2)The comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility based on principal component analysis showed that soil fertility under straw and milk vetch mulching treatment was higher than that under no mulching treatment,and the comprehensive scores of straw and milk vetch mulching treatment were the highest in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil.(3)S+M treatment significantly improved the dry matter quality of various organs of sweet potato and sweet potato yield,the yield of sweet potato under S+M,S and M treatment was 34.53%,14.60%and 11.55%higher than that under CK treatment,respectively.【Conclusion】Straw and milk vetch mulching in the dryland,triple cropping systems of southwest China,could effectively improve the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of soil,enhance soil fertility,and improve dry matter quality and yield.

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖 紫云英覆盖 土壤肥力 甘薯(Ipomoea batatas L.) 产量 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]