不同栽培模式对从江椪柑根际土壤理化性质和微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of different cultivation patterns on physical and chemical properties and microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil of Congjiang citrus

作　　者：杨雯 李文云[1] 王小柯 罗怿[1] 李金强[1] 林乾 YANG Wen;LI Wen-yun;WANG Xiao-ke;LUO Yi;LI Jin-qiang;LIN Qian(Guizhou Institute of Pomology Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省果树科学研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2025年第2期259-264,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划后补助项目(2021YFD1100302);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]005,黔科合支撑[2023]一般044);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-26)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明生草栽培模式下从江县椪柑园土壤理化性质及微生物多样性的变化规律,为构建合理的椪柑园生态管理模式提供参考依据。【方法】采用行间生草的方法研究不同栽培模式[光叶紫花苕子(Viciavillosa rothvar)、金花菜(Medicago hispida Gaertn)和高羊茅(Festuca elata Keng ex E.B.Alexeev)]处理对从江椪柑土壤理化性质、酶活性、微生物多样性和微生物群落构成的影响。【结果】光叶紫花苕子处理显著改善土壤理化性质,其土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量分别为213.94和463.33 mg/kg,较清耕(CK)显著增加67.5%和64.9%;土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性分别为6959.23、351.86和158.44 U/g,较CK显著提高36.1%、7.9%和8.9%。3个处理均提高了土壤微生物多样性,金花菜处理真菌Simpson值较CK显著升高75%,高羊茅处理的微生物Shannon值分别为6.39和4.40,较CK均升高。3个处理的微生物组成在门水平上存在差异,细菌变形菌门和绿弯菌门的丰度升高,酸杆菌门降低,其中金花菜处理的疣微菌门的丰度是清耕的2.7倍;高羊茅和光叶紫花苕子处理提高了真菌子囊菌门丰度,降低真菌担子菌门的丰度,金花菜处理与之相反。【结论】生草栽培处理可改善椪柑园土壤理化性质,提高土壤微生物的多样性,优化微生物群落结构,有效改善果树根系生长环境。【Objective】The change rule of the soil physical and chemical properties and microbial diversity of citrus orchard in Congjiang county under different grass cultivation patterns was explored to provide references for the construction of a reasonable ecological management model of citrus orchard.【Method】The effects of three grass cultivation treatments of Vicia villosa,Medicago hispida and Festuca elata on the physical and chemical properties,enzyme activity,microbial diversity and microbial community composition of soil were determined by inter-row grass experiment.【Result】The treatment of V.villosa significantly improved the soil physical and chemical properties.The soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium contents were 213.94 and 463.33 mg/kg respectively,which were significantly increased by 67.5% and 67.5% compared with clear tillage(CK).The activities of soil acid phosphatase,urease and sucrase were 6959.23,351.86 and 158.44 U/g respectively,which significantly increased by 36.1%,7.9% and 8.9% compared with CK.The three treatments increased the soil microbial diversity.The fungi Simpson of M.hispida treatment increased by 75% compared with CK,and the microbial Shannon of F.elata treatment was 6.39 and 4.40,higher than those of CK.The microbial composition of the three treatments was different at the phylum level.The abundance of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi increased,while that of Acidobacteriota decreased,and the abundance of Verrucomicrobiota treated by M.hispida was 2.7 times higher than that of clear tillage.The treatment of F.elata and V.villosa increased the abundance of fungal Ascomycota and decreased the abundance of fungal Basidiomycota,while that of M.hispida treatment was on the contrary.【Conclusion】Grass cultivation treatment can improve the soil physical and chemical properties of citrus orchard,increase the diversity of soil microorganisms,optimize the microbial community structure and effectively improve the root growth environment of fruit trees.

关 键 词：柑橘 生草 土壤理化性质 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]