三江源区不同禾豆混播模式对饲草根系形态及土壤养分的影响  

Effect of different grain-bean mixing patterns on root morphology of forage grasses and soil nutrients in Sanjiangyuan area

作　　者：李菲 德科加[2] 冯廷旭 林伟山[1,2] 向雪梅 魏希杰 王伟 徐成体[2] 蒲小剑[2] LI Fei;DE Ke-jia;FENG Ting-xu;LIN Wei-shan;XIANG Xue-mei;WEI Xi-jie;WANG Wei;XU Cheng-ti;PU Xiao-jian(Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,西宁810016 [2]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2025年第2期265-274,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：青海省科技厅重点研发与转化计划项目(2024-NK-137);国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1602302);青海大学三江源生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站课题。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同混播组合及比例对饲草根系形态、土壤养分的影响。【方法】采用2种禾本科饲草(燕麦、小黑麦)和2种豆科饲草(饲用豌豆、箭筈豌豆)为试验材料,以5种不同禾豆混播比例(10∶0、7∶3、5∶5、3∶7和0∶10)混播建植的人工草地为试验对象,以单播作为对照,测定不同混播模式下饲草根系形态及土壤养分含量。【结果】混播对禾本科和豆科饲草根系形态指标均表现出正向促进作用,根生物量较禾本科饲草单播减小。随混播中豆科饲草比例的增加,饲草根生物量及各根系形态均呈减小趋势,混播比例为7∶3时各饲草根系形态指标达最大值,有效促进饲草根系生长。所有混播处理的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量均显著高于单播处理,混播草地土壤全磷含量小于禾本科单播而高于豆科单播,混播草地土壤pH低于单播。燕麦+饲用豌豆混播组合的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷含量显著高于其他混播组合,而pH低于其他混播组合。除根系生物量外其余根系形态指标均与土壤有机质、全磷、有效磷含量呈显著正相关,与pH呈显著负相关。【结论】禾本科和豆科饲草混播组合及比例的变化改变了混播草地的地下竞争环境,以燕麦与饲用豌豆混播比例7∶3建植人工草地根系形态优化最明显,为土壤养分含量最高的组合。【Objective】The study aimed to investigate the effects of different mixing combinations and ratios on the root morphology and soil nutrients of forage grasses.【Method】Two grass forage species(oat and triticale) and two legume forage species(forage pea and common vetch) were used as test materials,and artificial grassland planted with different mixing ratios(10∶0,7∶3,5∶5,3∶7 and 0∶10) was used as test objects,while monocropping was used as the control to determine the root morphology and soil nutrient content of forage under different mixing patterns.【Result】Sowing mixes showed positive effects on the root morphology of forage,and the root biomass decreased compared with that of grass forage sown alone.With the increase of the proportion of legume forage in the sowing mix,the root biomass and root morphology of forage showed a tendency to decrease,and the root morphology indexes of forage reached the maximal value when the four sowing mixes were mixed at 7∶3,and the mixing ratio of 7∶3 could effectively promote the growth of forage root system.The soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkaline dissolved nitrogen and effective phosphorus content of the sown grassland were significantly higher than that of the forage monoculture,the soil total phosphorus content was smaller than that of the grass forage monoculture but higher than that of the legume forage monoculture,and the pH was lower than that of the forage monoculture.Soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and effective phosphorus contents of oat + forage pea mix combination were significantly higher than other mix combinations,while pH was lower than other mix combinations.The root morphology indexes except root biomass were significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter,total phosphorus and effective phosphorus content,and significantly negatively correlated with pH.【Conclusion】Mixing combinations and ratios altered the underground competitive environment of the mixed grassland are changed,and the root mor

关 键 词：禾豆混播 混播组合 混播比例 根系形态 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S155.47[农业科学—土壤学]