苹果白纹羽根腐病菌褐座坚壳菌生物学特性及寄主范围测定  

Biological traits and host specificity of Rosellinia necatrix associated with apple white root rot

作　　者：罗强 莫艳芳 施竹丽 王宇[2] 普特 施竹凤 陈齐斌[1] 杨佩文[2] LUO Qiang;MO Yan-fang;SHI Zhu-li;WANG Yu;PU Te;SHI Zhu-feng;CHEN Qi-bin;YANG Pei-wen(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2025年第2期334-340,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技计划重大科技专项(202202AE090029、202301BD070001-131);云南省兴滇英才计划(XDYC-CYCX-2022-0071);云南省专家基层科研工作站—杨佩文专家工作站(云人社通[2022]17号)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确苹果白纹羽根腐病菌褐座坚壳菌(Rosellinia necatrix)生物学特性和寄主范围,根据其生长条件偏好及致病能力,制定更加精准有效的管理措施,为该病害的科学防治提供理论依据。【方法】以褐座坚壳菌菌株F4J2-1为材料,采用菌落生长速率法研究不同pH(4.0~10.0)、温度(5~40℃)、光照(24 h全黑、24 h光照、12 h交替光照)、碳源(乳糖、可溶性淀粉、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、D-甘露醇和无蔗糖)和氮源(牛肉膏、硝酸钾、蛋白胨、硫酸铵、甘氨酸、硝酸钠、尿素和无氮源)对菌株生长的影响。采用菌丝悬浮液接种法测定菌株对山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida)、茶树(Camellia sinensis)、板栗(Castanea mollissima)、车厘子(Prunus avium)、柿子(Diospyros kaki)以及葡萄(Vitis vinifera)等云南省内广泛种植的不同重要经济作物的侵染能力。【结果】生物学特性研究结果表明,R.necatrix F4J2-1菌株在温度20~25℃时表现出最佳生长状态,且当培养基pH接近中性(pH=7.0)时能够获得最大菌落面积,而在全黑暗培养条件下菌种显示出更旺盛的生命活力,就营养物质供给而言,发现蔗糖为最适宜碳源,牛肉膏为最适宜氮源;寄主范围测定结果表明,R.necatrix F4J2-1具有广泛的植物感染谱,能引起山楂、茶树、板栗、车厘子、柿子、葡萄等作物根部腐烂。【结论】R.necatrix对环境的适应性较强,且对多种作物有致病性。因此,在新果园选址和果苗补栽种植过程中,应避免山楂、茶树、板栗、车厘子、柿子、葡萄等作物混栽,以防宿存的褐座坚壳菌菌株对新植果园或茶园造成危害。【Objective】The paper aimed to clarify the biological characteristics and host range of Rosellinia necatrix associated with apple white root rot,and develop more accurate and effective management measures through its growth condition preference and pathogenicity,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific control of the disease.【Method】R.necatrix F4J2-1 identified in the previous study of the research group was used to study the effects of different pH(4.0-10.0),temperature(5-40℃),light(24 h total black,24 h light,12 h alternate light),carbon sources(lactose,soluble starch,glucose,sucrose,maltose,D-Mannitol and no sucrose)and nitrogen sources(beef extract,potassium nitrate,peptone,ammonium sulfate,glycine,sodium nitrate,urea and no nitrogen source)on the growth of strain by colony growth rate method.The infection ability of the strain to Crataegus pinnatifida,Camellia sinensis,Castanea mollissima,Prunus avium,Diospyros kaki,Vitis vinifera and other important economic crops widely planted in Yunnan was determined by mycelial suspension inoculation method.【Result】R.necatrix F4J2-1 strain showed that the best growth temperature was 20-25℃,and the maximum colony area could be obtained when the pH value of the medium was close to neutral(7.0),while the strain showed more vigorous vitality under the condition of full darkness culture.In terms of nutrient supply,sucrose was the most suitable carbon source,and beef extract was the most suitable nitrogen source;the results of host range determination showed that R.necatrix F4J2-1 had a wide spectrum of plant infection,and could cause root rot of crops such as C.pinnatifida,C.sinensis,C.mollissima,P.avium,D.kaki,V.vinifera,etc.【Conclusion】R.necatrix has strong adaptability to the environment and is pathogenic to a variety of crops.Therefore,in the process of site selection of new orchards and supplementary planting of fruit seedlings,it is necessary to avoid mixed planting of crops such as C.pinnatifida,C.sinensis,C.mollissima,P.avium,D.kaki,

关 键 词：苹果 白纹羽根腐病 褐座坚壳菌菌株 生物学特性 寄主范围 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]