不同施磷量对麦后复种蔬菜土壤理化性状的影响  

Effects of different phosphorus application levels on soil physical and chemical properties of multiple cropping vegetables after wheat

作　　者：吴炫燕 刘根红[1] 马辉 刘露露 李杨 孙大智 陈璐 WU Xuan-yan;LIU Gen-hong;MA Hui;LIU Lu-lu;LI Yang;SUN Da-zhi;CHEN Lu(School of Agriculture Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2025年第2期360-374,共15页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏引黄灌区种植结构优化及节水高效绿色栽培模式研究与示范项目(2021BEF02034)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同施磷量下,宁夏引黄灌区春小麦收割后复种果菜类蔬菜辣椒、叶菜类蔬菜娃娃菜以及根菜类蔬菜萝卜对土壤理化性状的影响,以确定麦后复种蔬菜作物适宜施磷量。【方法】采用两因素裂区试验设计,主区为3种不同复种蔬菜作物,娃娃菜、辣椒和萝卜,副区为不同施磷量梯度,设置4个施磷水平:P_(1)(0)、P_(2)(60 kg/hm^(2))、P_(3)(120 kg/hm^(2))和P_(4)(180 kg/hm^(2)),在作物生长期间定期对土壤0~20、20~40 cm剖面主要酶活性和土壤理化性状指标进行测定。【结果】麦后复种不同类型蔬菜的土壤磷酸酶活性在P_(3)达到最大,土壤过氧化氢酶活性在P_(1)最大,随着施磷量的增加,过氧化氢酶活性呈下降趋势;土壤碱性磷酸酶活性呈先升后降趋势。土壤中各个理化性质的指标表现出不同的变化。相同施磷量条件下,不同种类蔬菜的电导率、速效钾有不同变化,电导率表现为辣椒>娃娃菜>萝卜;随施磷量增加,速效钾含量呈先增后降趋势,速效钾变化趋势为辣椒>娃娃菜>萝卜。全氮、速效磷、全磷、碱解氮、有机质随施磷量的增加呈上升趋势,并在P_(3)达到最大。随施磷量增加,3种蔬菜产量较未施磷时升高;地力贡献率在P_(2)处理达到最大。麦后复种辣椒对土壤理化性质的影响最大。【结论】适宜的施磷量能改善土壤理化性质,促进蔬菜生长,提高产量和品质。当施磷量为120 kg/hm^(2)时,辣椒和萝卜产量最大,当施磷量为180 kg/hm^(2)时,娃娃菜产量最大。【Objective】The effects of different phosphorus application levels on soil physical and chemical properties of multiple cropping of fruits and vegetables,such as pepper,leafy vegetablesbaby vegetables and root vegetablesradish after harvesting of spring wheat in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area were studied to determine the appropriate phosphorus application level for multiple cropping of vegetable crops after wheat.【Method】A two-factor split plot experimental design was adopted.Three different multiple cropping vegetable crops,namely,baby cabbage,pepper and radish,were used in the main plot,and different phosphorus application gradients were used in the sub-plot.Four phosphorus application levels were set:P_1(0),P_2(60 kg/hm~2),P_3(120 kg/hm~2) and P_4(180 kg/hm~2).During the growth period of crops,the main enzyme activities and soil physicochemical properties in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm profiles were determined.【Result】After wheat,the soil phosphatase activity reached the maximum at P_(3) and the soil catalase activity reached the maximum at P_1.With the increase of phosphorus application level,the catalase activity showed a downward trend.The activity of soil alkaline phosphatase increased first and then decreased.The indexes of various physical and chemical properties in soil showed different changes.Under the same phosphorus application level,the electrical conductivity and available potassium of different kinds of vegetables had different changes,and the electrical conductivity was pepper>baby cabbage>radish;With the increase of phosphorus application level,the content of available potassium increased first and then decreased,and the changing trend of available potassium was pepper>baby cabbage>radish.The contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter increased with the increase of phosphorus application level,and reached the maximum at P_3.With the increase of phosphorus application level,the yield of three vegetables increased c

关 键 词：施磷量 复种 蔬菜 土壤理化性状 

分 类 号：S344.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]