家蝇与黑水虻对酒糟利用的比较研究  

Comparative study on utilization of distillers’ grains by Musca domestica and Hermetia illucens

作　　者：郝倩倩 吴书东 张昌容[4] 国果 彭建 谭书萍 尚小丽[1,2,3] 李博岩 HAO Qian-qian;WU Shu-dong;ZHANG Chang-rong;GUO Guo;PENG Jian;TAN Shu-ping;SHANG Xiao-li;LI Bo-yan(School of Public Health,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 561113,China;School of Biology and Engineering(School of Modern Industry of Health Medicine),Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 561113,China;Key Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology,Basic Medical College,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 561113,China;Institute of Biotechnology,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,贵阳561113 [2]贵州医科大学生物与工程学院(健康医药现代产业学院),贵阳561113 [3]贵州医科大学基础医学院现代病原生物学特色重点实验室,贵阳561113 [4]贵州省农业科学院生物技术研究所,贵阳550025

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2025年第2期422-428,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2023YFE0104800);国家重点研发计划“重大病虫害防控综合技术研发与示范专项”(2023YFD1400603);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般377);贵州省农科院青年基金项目(黔农科院青年基金[2022]03号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明家蝇和黑水虻对酒糟类有机废弃物饲料的适生性及降解特性,为今后规模化、产业化养殖和利用家蝇和黑水虻进行酒糟类有机废弃物生物降解,进而为有效解决资源短缺和环境污染问题提供理论参考。【方法】选取家蝇和黑水虻为生物转化器,分别研究不同配比酒糟饲料[T_(0)(CK):纯麦麸;T_(1):25%酒糟;T_(2):50%酒糟;T_(3):75%酒糟;T_(4):纯酒糟]对家蝇和黑水虻的生物学特征等生长发育的影响;同时研究酒糟空白组(CK_(2))、自然发酵组(ZF)、家蝇幼虫取食组(MD)和黑水虻幼虫取食组(HI)4种处理条件下各组酒糟一般营养成分和木质纤维素的含量变化,综合分析筛选较优的酒糟降解利用方法。【结果】随酒糟含量增加,家蝇和黑水虻2种昆虫的虫态体重、体长、化蛹率、羽化率和存活率均呈下降趋势,T_(4)较T_(0)均差异显著,其中,T_(3)和T_(4)家蝇的存活率分别为79.26%和30.92%,黑水虻则分别为78.99%和65.06%;HI的酒糟总糖含量(13.2%)和粗蛋白质含量(13.1%)较MD更低(总糖和粗蛋白质含量分别为21.2%和16.2%)。MD、HI与ZF和CK_(2)相比,纤维素和半纤维素的降解均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中,MD整体木质纤维素降解率为24.01%,HI木质纤维素降解率可达34.34%。【结论】家蝇和黑水虻能够通过有效降解酒糟中的木质纤维素和利用一般营养成分进行较好生长发育,整体而言,黑水虻较家蝇更易在酒糟中进行饲养,且对酒糟木质纤维素的降解效果更优,该研究结果为今后更好地利用资源昆虫产业化降解酒糟类农业有机废弃物提供重要的理论依据。【Objective】The suitability and degradation characteristics of resource insects to distillers' grains organic waste are determined to provide theoretical references for future large-scale and industrialized insect rearing and biodegradation of distillers' grains organic waste by Musca domestica and Hermetia illucens,and to effectively solve the problems of resource scarcity and environmental pollution.【Method】The effects of distillers' grains treatments with different ratio[T_0(CK):pure wheat bran,T_1:25% distillers' grains,T_2:50% distillers' grains,T_3:75% distillers' grains and T_4:pure distillers' grains]on growth and development of M.domestica and H.illucens are studied.The changes in general nutritional composition and lignocellulose content of distillers' grains under four treatments of distillers' grains blank(CK_2),natural fermentation(ZF),M.domestica larvae feeding(MD) and H.illucens larvae feeding(HI)were investigated to analyze and screen the better degradation utilization method of distillers' grains.【Result】There was a decreasing trend in body weight and length at different development stages,pupation rate,eclosion rate and survival rate of M.domestica and H.illucens with increase of distillers' grains content.There were significant differences in these indexes between T_(4) and T_0.The survival rate of Musca domestica in T_(3) and T_(4 )reached 79.26% and 30.92%.The survival rate of H.illucens in T_(3) and T_(4 )reached 78.99% and 65.06%.The total sugar content(13.2%) and crude protein content(13.1%)in distillers' grains of HI treatment were lower than MD(21.2% and 16.2%) respectively.The cellulose and hemicellulose degradation rate of MD and HI treatments was higher than ZF and CK_(2) significantly.The hemicellulose degradation rate of MD and HI treatments could reach 24.01% and 34.34% respectively.【Conclusion】M.domestica and H.illucens can grow better by effectively degrading lignocellulose and utilizing general nutrients in distillers' grains.Overall,H.illucens is easier to be rea

关 键 词：家蝇 黑水虻 农业资源昆虫 酒糟类有机废弃物 生物降解 木质纤维素 

分 类 号：S899.9[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]