长江中游地区水稻-油菜轮作体系需水特征  

Water Demand Characteristics of Rice-Oilseed Rape Rotation System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：王彬 吴朋浩 鲁剑巍[1] 任涛[1] 丛日环[1] 陆志峰[1] 李小坤[1,2] WANG Bin;WU PengHao;LU JianWei;REN Tao;CONG RiHuan;LU ZhiFeng;LI XiaoKun(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River)in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;Shuangshui and ShuanglüResearch Institute,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学双水双绿研究院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第7期1355-1365,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：湖北省现代农业水稻产业技术体系(2023HBSTX4-01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2662021ZH001)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确长江中游地区水稻-油菜轮作体系需水特征,为该种植体系的水资源分配提供理论依据。【方法】采用单作物系数法对长江中游地区水稻-油菜轮作体系的需水量进行估算和分析,并结合有效降水量计算补充灌溉量,根据作物水分盈亏指数明确轮作体系的水分亏缺特征。【结果】长江中游地区水稻-油菜轮作模式每年平均需水1 172 mm,水稻季年均总需水量约为898 mm,占整个轮作体系需水量的76.6%;油菜季年均总需水量约为274 mm,占整个轮作体系需水量的23.4%。水稻季年均需要补充灌溉643 mm,油菜季则平均每年需要排水54 mm。水稻季中旱、重旱和特旱的年份分别占比77.5%、15%和2.5%;油菜中涝、重涝和特涝的年份分别占比10%、17.5%和2.5%。该模式需要重点关注水稻的分蘖期、拔节孕穗期和抽穗灌浆期的田间水分状况,油菜季则需要防控苗期和成熟期涝害。早稻-晚稻-油菜轮作模式每年平均需水1 161 mm,早稻季年均总需水量约为550 mm,晚稻季年均总需水量约为401 mm,两季总需水量占整个轮作体系需水量的82.0%;油菜年均总需水量约为210 mm,占整个轮作体系需水量的18.0%。早稻季年均需要补充灌溉322 mm,晚稻季年均需要补充灌溉272 mm,油菜季平均需要排水59 mm。水稻中旱、重旱和特旱的年份分别占比40%、15%和1.3%;油菜季中涝、重涝和特涝的年份分别占比12.5%、17.5%和17.5%。该模式需要关注晚稻的拔节孕穗期和抽穗灌浆期的水分状况,油菜季则需要防控苗期和成熟期的涝灾。【结论】长江中游地区水稻-油菜轮作模式需水1 172 mm,水稻季和油菜季需水分别占76.6%和23.4%,早稻-晚稻-油菜轮作模式需水1 161 mm,水稻季和油菜季需水分别占82.0%和18.0%,水稻季需要补充灌溉防止水分亏缺,油菜季需要做好排水工作;在极端降水年份,需要注意水稻苗期以及油菜苗期和成熟期的水分过量�【Objective】This study aimed to clarify the water demand characteristics of the rice-oilseed rape rotation system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,so as to provide the theoretical support for water allocation in this cropping system.【Method】This study analyzed the water demand of the rice-oilseed rape rotation system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River using the single crop coefficient method.The supplementary irrigation amount was calculated based on the effective precipitation,and the water surplus/deficit characteristics of the rotation system were identified according to the crop water surplus-deficit index.【Result】The rice-oilseed rape rotation pattern in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River required an average annual water demand of 1172 mm,with rice accounting for approximately 898 mm(76.6%)and oilseed rape accounting for approximately 274 mm(23.4%).Rice required an average annual supplementary irrigation of 643 mm,while oilseed rape required drainage of 54 mm on average per year.Years with moderate,severe,and extreme drought in the rice accounted for 77.5%,15%,and 2.5%,respectively.Years with moderate,severe,and extreme flooding in the oilseed rape accounted for 10%,17.5%,and 2.5%,respectively.Special attention should be paid to the field water conditions during the tillering,joint-booting,and heading and filling stages of rice,and flood prevention measures should be taken during the seedling and maturity stages of oilseed rape.The early rice-late rice-oilseed rape rotation pattern required an average annual water demand of 1161 mm,with early rice accounting for approximately 550 mm,late rice accounting for approximately 401 mm.The total water demand of the two seasons accounts for 82.0%of the total water demand of the whole rotation system.while oilseed rape accounting for approximately 210 mm(18.0%).Early rice required an average annual supplementary irrigation of 322 mm,late rice requires 272 mm,and oilseed rape requires drainage of 59 mm on average per year.Years with mo

关 键 词：水稻 油菜 轮作 需水特征 长江中游地区 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]