沥青基硬碳储钠性能的优化  

Optimization of sodium storage performance of asphalt-based hard carbon

作　　者：王国栋 田雁羚 王雨晗 黄丽娜[2] 王义宗 WANG Guodong;TIAN Yanling;WANG Yuhan;HUANG Lina;WANG Yizong(Department of Public Instruction,Xinyang Vocational College of Art,Xinyang 464000,Henan,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China;School of Information Engineering,Xinjiang Institute of Technology,Aksu 843100,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳艺术职业学院公共教学部,河南信阳464000 [2]河南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,河南焦作454000 [3]新疆理工学院信息工程学院,新疆阿克苏843100

出　　处：《电池》2025年第2期259-266,共8页Battery Bimonthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52275187),河南理工大学青年创新探索性基金(722517/485)。

摘　　要：与昂贵的树脂基和生物质基硬碳相比,沥青基硬碳展现出更低的生产成本和大规模应用优势。受沥青本征结构的限制,合成高储钠性能的衍生硬碳仍然具有挑战性。以石油副产物沥青为前驱体,结合预氧化处理工艺制备高度无序结构的硬碳材料。引入的氧,会调控伪石墨畴内分子层结构,在诱导石墨微晶无序排布的同时扩大碳层间距,提高硬碳负极的储钠能力。与未掺杂的纯碳相比,优化后的硬碳可逆比容量从48.7 mAh/g增加到212.4 mAh/g,在电压为0.01~2.50 V、电流100 mA/g的条件下,也能循环超过2000次,容量保持率达到73.8%。In comparison to costly resin-based and biomass-based hard carbons,asphalt-based hard carbon presents lower production costs and advantages for large-scale applications.The intrinsic structural limitations of asphalt pose challenges in synthesizing derived hard carbons with superior sodium storage performance.Petroleum byproduct asphalt is utilized as a precursor and a pre-oxidation treatment is incorporated to produce hard carbon materials with a highly disordered structure.The introduction of oxygen can modulate the molecular layer structure within the pseudo-graphite domains,leading to a disordered arrangement of graphite microcrystals and an expansion of the carbon interlayer spacing,thereby enhancing sodium storage capacity.Compared with the undoped pure carbon,the reversible specific capacity of the optimized hard carbon is increased from 48.7 mAh/g to 212.4 mAh/g.The optimized hard carbon can be cycled more than 2000 times under the voltage of 0.01-2.50 V and the current of 100 mA/g,the capacity retention rate is 73.8%.

关 键 词：钠离子电池 硬碳 负极 沥青 储钠机制 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]