追施硅肥对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响  

Effect of silic on fertiliser application on the growth anddevelopment of cotton and its yield and quality

作　　者：陆明昆 李军宏 尼陆排尔·于苏甫江 潘喜鹏 刘晓成 张正贵 潘占磊 翟梦华 张要朋 赵文琪 王丽宏[1] 王占彪[1,2,3] LU Mingkun;LI Junhong;Nilupaier Yusufujiang;PAN Xipeng;LIU Xiaocheng;ZHANG Zhenggui;PAN Zhanlei;ZHAI Menghua;ZHANG Yaopeng;ZHAO Wenqi;WANG Lihong;WANG Zhanbiao(State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology(Hebei Base),College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding Hebei 071001,China;State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang Henan 455000,China;Western Agricultural Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji Xinjiang 831100,China;Cotton Engineering Research Center,Ministry of Education,College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点试验室河北基地/河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点试验室,河南安阳455000 [3]中国农业科学院西部研究中心,新疆昌吉831100 [4]新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2025年第2期286-293,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2022YFE0125700);新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项—上海合作组织科技伙伴计划及国际科技合作计划项目(2022E01061)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究膜下滴灌棉田追施硅肥对棉花农艺性状、产量及纤维品质的影响,分析追施硅肥影响棉花生长发育的机制,筛选出硅肥最佳施用浓度,为硅肥在棉花上推广应用提供数据支撑。【方法】选用中棉113(生育周期115 d)为材料,分别于棉花蕾期、花期追施硅肥。CK(常规施肥+0 kg/hm^(2) SiO_(2))、S_(1)(常规施肥+7.2 kg/hm^(2) SiO_(2))、S_(2)(常规施肥+14.4 kg/hm^(2) SiO_(2))、S_(3)(常规施肥+21.6 kg/hm^(2) SiO_(2)),分析施用硅肥对棉花生长发育、产量和纤维品质的影响。【结果】追施硅肥的棉花株高低于对照;茎粗高于对照;追施硅肥能显著增加棉花的根、茎、叶和蕾花铃的干物质积累量(P<0.05)。S_(2)施用量效果最佳。追施硅肥能显著提高棉花单株铃数(8.6%)和单铃重(10.2%)(P<0.05),提高棉花籽棉产量(25.1%)和皮棉产量(23.0%)(P<0.05)。长度整齐度指数、断裂比强度和马克隆值均有所提高。【结论】随水滴施硅肥可以促进棉花生长发育、增加生物量及产量,并提升品质。【Objective】To explore the effect of silicon fertiliser application on cotton agronomic traits,yield and fibre quality in cotton fields under drip irrigation under the membrane,to clarify the mechanism of silicon fertiliser application affecting the growth and development of cotton,and to define the optimal concentration of silicon fertiliser application,so as to provide data support for the promotion and application of silicon fertiliser in cotton.【Methods】In this experiment,CK(conventional fertiliser+0 kg/hm^(2)SiO_(2)),S_(1)(conventional fertiliser+7.2 kg/hm^(2)SiO_(2)),S_(2)(conventional fertiliser+14.4 kg/hm^(2)SiO_(2)),S_(3)(conventional fertiliser+21.6 kg/hm^(2)SiO_(2)),were used as the planting materials,and silica fertiliser was applied to the cotton fields in the bud stage and flowering stage respectively to analyze the differences in growth and development,yield and fibre quality of the control(CK)and cotton fields with the application of silica fertiliser.hm^(2)SiO_(2),and to analyse the differences in growth and development,yield and fibre quality between Si fertiliser application and control(CK)cotton fields.【Results】The plant height was lower than that of the control;stem thickness was higher than that of the control;and the application of silicon fertiliser significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of roots,stems,leaves and buds and bolls of cotton(P<0.05).This experiment showed that S_(2)application had the best effect.Trace application of silicon fertiliser boll number per plant(8.6%)and single boll weight(10.2%)(P<0.05),and increased cotton seed cotton yield(25.1%)and lint yield(23.0%)(P<0.05).Besides,Length Neatness Index,Specific Breaking Strength and Micronaire were increased to certain extent as well.【Conclusion】Drip application of silicon fertiliser with water can promote the growth and development of cotton,increase biomass and yield,and enhance quality.

关 键 词：硅肥 棉花 产量 品质 农艺性状 干物质积累 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]