休作期冬灌滴灌调控下“干播湿出”对棉花生长及产量影响  

Effect of "dry sowing and wet emergence" on cotton growth andyield under the control of winter drip irrigation in off-cropping period

作　　者：王晓艳 白云岗 柴仲平[1] 卢震林 刘洪波 肖军 阿曼尼萨 WANG Xiaoyan;BAI Yungang;CHAI Zhongping;LU Zhenlin;LIU Hongbo;XIAO Jun;Amannisa(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urumqi 830049,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2025年第2期302-313,共12页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆“天山英才”创新领军人才项目(2022TSYCLJ0069),新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项“南疆盐渍化障碍棉田’干播湿出’技术、产品研发”(2022A02007-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同滴水冬灌定额对“干播湿出”播种质量、棉花生理、生长特性及产量的影响,确定节水增效的休作期棉田墒情调控策略。【方法】采用在棉田休作期少量灌水调控墒情,春季开播后“干播湿出”的灌水方式,共设计9个处理,冬灌滴灌定额设4个梯度:休作期冬灌滴灌(W_(1)S_(0)~W_(4)S_(0)):600、900、1200和1500 m^(3)/hm^(2);春季播种后采用非“干播湿出”和“干播湿出”2种方案,“干播湿出”定额为225 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(1)S_(1)~W_(4)S_(4)),常规冬灌2250 m^(3)/hm^(2)为对照处理。【结果】滴灌冬灌+“干播湿出”对比仅冬灌处理能够促进苗期棉花生长(株高茎粗显著高于非“干播湿出”及常规冬灌),W_(1)S_(1)~W_(4)S_(4)处理可在棉花营养生长转生殖生长期间在一定程度上可控制株高过度增长,其中处理W 3S 3及W_(4)S_(4)最为显著;滴灌冬灌+“干播湿出”可提高苗期及蕾期叶面积指数,花铃期后期W_(1)S_(0)~W_(4)S_(0)处理叶面积指数稍高于CK及W_(1)S_(1)~W_(4)S_(4)处理;W_(1)S_(1)~W_(4)S_(4)处理干物质总积累量显著大于W_(1)S_(0)~W_(4)S_(0)处理,可促进生殖器官干物质积累,W 3S 3、W_(4)S_(4)处理生殖器官干物质积累量比例可占50%以上;花铃期后期叶面积指数与产量呈显著负相关关系,干物质积累总量与产量呈极显著正相关关系,滴灌冬灌+“干播湿出”产量高于仅滴灌冬灌处理及常规冬灌,其中处理W_(4)S_(4)的产量比冬季滴灌的W_(4)S_(0)处理高出18.8%、比CK高出13.5%左右。【结论】休作期滴灌冬灌调控下“干播湿出”灌水模式可再节约灌溉用水24%~36%情况下显著提高棉花产量3.5%~13.5%。【Objective】Studying the effects of different winter dripping irrigation quotas on the quality of"dry seeding wet output"planting,cotton physiology,growth characteristics,and yield,determining the water-saving and efficient fallow period cotton field moisture regulation strategy.【Methods】Using a small amount of water regulation during the cotton field fallow period,and the"dry seeding wet output"irrigation method after spring sowing,a total of 9 treatments were set in this experiment,with 4 gradients for winter dripping irrigation quotas:winter dripping irrigation during fallow period(W_(1)S_(0)-W_(4)S_(0)):600,900,1,200 and 1,500 m^(3)/hm^(2);after spring sowing,two schemes of no"dry seeding wet output"and"dry seeding wet output"were used,with a quota of 225 m^(3)/hm^(2) for"dry seeding wet output"(W_(1)S_(1)-W_(4)S_(4)),and conventional winter irrigation of 2,250 m^(3)/hm^(2) as the control treatment.【Results】Compared with winter dripping irrigation alone,the combination of winter dripping irrigation and"dry seeding wet output"could promote early cotton growth(plant height and stem diameter significantly higher than with no"dry seeding wet output"and conventional winter irrigation),and treatments W_(1)S_(1)-W_(4)S_(4) could control excessive plant height growth during the nutritional growth to reproductive growth stage to a certain extent,with treatments W 3S 3 and W_(4)S_(4) being the most significant;the combination could increase the leaf area index during the seedling and budding stages,and in the late stage of flowering as well,the leaf area index of W_(1)S_(0)-W_(4)S_(0) treatments was slightly higher than the CK and W_(1)S_(1)-W_(4)S_(4) treatments;the total dry matter accumulation of W_(1)S_(1)-W_(4)S_(4) treatments was significantly greater than that of W_(1)S_(0)-W_(4)S_(0) treatments,which could promote reproductive organ dry matter accumulation,with the proportion of dry matter accumulation in reproductive organs in W 3S 3 and W_(4)S_(4) treatments exceeding 50%;the leaf area index in the

关 键 词：棉花 滴灌冬灌 干播湿出 灌溉定额 生长性状 产量 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程] S562[农业科学—农业工程]