俄罗斯北极造船业的发展现状和展望  

Status and prospects of Russia’s Arctic shipbuilding industry

作　　者：薛心如 邹建军 VASILENKO Yuriy Pavlovich 唐正 豆汝席 董智 XUE Xinru;ZOU Jianjun;VASILENKO Yuriy Pavlovich;TANG Zheng;DOU Ruxi;DONG Zhi(Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny,First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061,China;Laboratory for Marine Geology,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China;V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute,Vladivostok 690041,Russia)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第一海洋研究所海洋地质与成矿作用重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [2]青岛海洋科技中心海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]俄罗斯科学院远东分院太平洋海洋研究所,符拉迪沃斯托克690041,俄罗斯

出　　处：《海洋科学》2025年第1期83-92,共10页Marine Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2023G01,2022G01);国家自然科学基金委山东海洋科学中心项目(U1606401)。

摘　　要：北极地区对俄罗斯具有重要战略意义,船舶建造在北极的调查研究、资源开发、航道维护以及提升俄罗斯国际影响力方面起着关键作用。本文梳理了俄罗斯北极造船业和北极船队的现状,并与全球主要环北极/近北极国家的北极船舶现状进行比对,认识到俄罗斯在核动力破冰船建造方面具备强大能力,并通过建设和扩充破冰船队,不断提升“北方海路”的航运潜力。尽管俄罗斯在北极船舶建造领域拥有绝对优势,但仍面临零部件进口依赖、船舶建造空间不足等挑战。环北极/近北极国家主要通过增强破冰船队和科考船队实力,以应对北极资源开发、航道维护和气候变化的挑战。The Arctic region holds significant strategic importance for Russia,with shipbuilding playing a crucial role in research,resource development,shipping route maintenance,and international influence.This paper analyzes the current state of Russia’s Arctic shipbuilding industry and fleet by comparing it with the status of Arctic vessels from other major circum-Arctic and near-Arctic countries.It highlights Russia’s robust shipbuilding capabilities in the construction of nuclear-powered icebreakers and its ongoing efforts to enhance the shipping potential of the Northern Sea Route through the development and expansion of its icebreaker fleet.However,despite several advantages in Arctic shipbuilding,Russia faces other challenges,including dependence on imported components and an insufficient infrastructure for shipbuilding.In contrast,other circum-Arctic/near-Arctic countries primarily strengthen their icebreaker and research vessel fleets to address challenges related to resource development,route maintenance,and climate change.Therefore,this study provides practical insights for understanding Russia’s significant role in Arctic affairs and its future developmental trajectory.

关 键 词：北方海路 北极船队 核动力破冰船 俄罗斯 环北极/近北极国家 

分 类 号：U674.38[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]