基于MIKE21模拟的海洋牧场网箱养殖环境影响评价——以“耕海1号”为例  

MIKE21-simulation-based environmental impact assessment on aquaculture production in marine pastures:A case study of Genghai No.1

作　　者：李峰 张建柏 迟守峰 吕剑[3] 时春晓 孙明 武君 王建华[3] 曹亚男 喻龙 鹿媛 王磊 LI Feng;ZHANG Jianbai;CHI Shoufeng;LÜJian;SHI Chunxiao;SUN Ming;WU Jun;WANG Jianhua;CAO Yanan;YU Long;LU Yuan;WANG Lei(Yantai Ocean Monitoring&Forecasting,Yantai 264003,China;Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute,Yantai 264003,China;Key Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China;Shandong Runfeng Oceanic Engineering Co.Ltd.,Yantai 264003,China;Shandong Modern Fisheries Corporation,Yantai 264003,China;Yantai Research Institute,Harbin Engineering University,Yantai 264006,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台市海洋环境监测预报中心,山东烟台264003 [2]烟台市海洋经济研究院,山东烟台264003 [3]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003 [4]山东润丰海洋工程有限公司,山东烟台264003 [5]山东海洋现代渔业有限公司,山东烟台264003 [6]哈尔滨工程大学烟台哈尔滨工程大学研究院,山东烟台264006

出　　处：《海洋科学》2025年第1期105-116,共12页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2400405,2023YFD2400400);泰山学者工程项目(No.tstp20240522);烟台市市级统筹涉农项目(烟财农整指〔2023〕0037号);海洋负排放(ONCE)国际大科学计划项目。

摘　　要：海上养殖活动不可避免地影响着周边海域的海洋环境,评估其对环境的影响是海上养殖活动开展的必要前提。本文以“耕海1号”海洋牧场网箱养殖项目为研究对象,通过研究该海洋牧场所在海域的水动力条件、养殖活动、环境水质等要素,选用MIKE21中的transport数学模型,建立了海洋牧场附近海域物质输运数学模型,计算了海洋牧场所在海域受纳水体对养殖生产排泄物的响应关系,预测分析了养殖生产排泄物中化学需氧量、无机氮和总磷对周边海域海水水质的影响范围和强度,并通过对周边海域海水水质的检测验证了模型预测的准确性。研究表明,虽然“耕海1号”海洋牧场网箱养殖排泄物会对周边海域产生一定的影响,但其影响在海洋环境承载能力范围内。Marine aquaculture activities inevitably affect the surrounding marine area,such that it is necessary to evaluate the environmental impact of these activities.The Genghai No.1 Marine Ranching Complex is selected as the research object in this study.Different factors are investigated,such as the production mode of the marine ranching,the hydrodynamic conditions,and the water quality.The material transport model in the marine area near the marine ranching is established by using the mathematical transport model in MIKE21.The response relationship between the receiving water body and the aquaculture wastes is calculated.The influence range and intensity of the chemical oxygen demand,inorganic nitrogen,and active phosphate produced by aquaculture wastes are predicted and analyzed.The reliability of the prediction results is verified by water quality monitoring.The findings of this study show that the aquaculture wastes from marine ranching will have a certain impact on the surrounding marine area,although its impact is within the carrying capacity of the ocean.

关 键 词：海洋牧场 养殖排泄物 海水水质 MIKE 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]