明化进程中土著人群精神世界的守护与传承——甘青地区史前时期俯身葬的新认识  

Guardianship and Transmission of the Spiritual World among Indigenous Populations in the Civilizing Process:New Insights into Prone Burials in Prehistoric Gansu-Qinghai Region

作　　者：赵丛苍[1] 李斌 ZHAO Cong-cang;LI Bin(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第3期5-16,共12页Journal of Northwest University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：俯身葬作为人群精神世界的表达,具有较强的保守性和稳定性。甘青地区发现有数量可观的史前时期俯身葬,大致分为三类七型。区域内俯身葬俗根植于早期土著人群在漫长岁月中形成的行为方式和文化传统,其实例最早见于土著定居人群与农业拓殖人群杂居的宗日遗址。土著人群占据主流时,代表文化传承的俯身葬俗才得以依托人群发扬光大。从马家窑类型时期至晚期青铜时代,俯身葬俗经历了兴起—繁荣—衰退—消亡诸阶段,其时空、类型的演变与嬗变,既是文化传承与人群迁徙的互动结果,也映射着文明化进程中土著人群的艰难转型。Prone burial was a widespread and long-lasting special funeral custom during the prehistoric period,with the earliest examples dating back to 11000 years ago.By the late Neolithic period,the distribution pattern of prone burial sites had undergone significant changes.While prone burial customs declined in many areas,it suddenly rose to prominence in the Gansu-Qinghai(G-Q)region,centered around the Gonghe Basin,and continued until the late Bronze Age.The cultural and demographic changes behind the prone burial custom in the G-Q region are complex and have been the subject of much debate within the academic community.The prevailing view cautiously suggests that the prone burial custom is related to indigenous populations.However,the connection between the prone burial custom and indigenous populations,as well as the logic and mechanisms behind the evolution and transformation of the custom,has rarely been explored by scholars.This paper posits:1.During the prehistoric period,there were at least two groups of people in the G-Q region,especially in eastern Qinghai:indigenous populations and the agricultural populations.Among these,the indigenous populations were characterized by a strong mobility and a relatively primitive and singular subsistence pattern(mainly hunting and gathering).Over the long course of time,these populations spread across vast regions including the Gonghe Basin,the He-huang area,and the shores of Qinghai Lake,establishing extensive connections and a sense of identity.The prone factor or the prone burial custom served as one of the widespread ethnic identifiers for the indigenous populations,reflecting their cultural identity and continuity.2.Due to population pressure and climate change,the agricultural populations were forced to expand westward to secure survival resources,leading to an intersection with indigenous populations.The expansion of the agricultural populations in this area can be roughly divided into three stages:before the Majiayao culture period,during the Miaodigou culture perio

关 键 词：甘青地区 土著人群 俯身葬 宗日遗址 

分 类 号：K871.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]