先秦至唐宋时期中国朱砂产地考  

A Study on the Cinnabar Production Areas in China from the Pre-Qin Period to the Tang and Song Dynasties

作　　者：李昱龙 温睿[1] LI Yu-long;WEN Rui(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第3期59-70,共12页Journal of Northwest University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：陕西省“两链”融合重点专项“秦岭古代矿产产地特征与文物溯源关键技术及应用示范”(2022LL-ZD-01);西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室开放课题“基于秦岭地区朱砂矿的矿物学与同位素特征的朱砂文物溯源研究”(21LCD15)。

摘　　要：考古资料显示,中国使用朱砂的历史可以追溯至河姆渡时期,此后朱砂在高等级建筑、墓葬、宗教仪式及医药领域得到了广泛应用。根据文献资料梳理和现代地质勘探结果,推测渝东南及湘黔交界地区可能是中国古代朱砂开采和利用的起源地,而先秦时期有朱砂出土的考古遗址大多远离朱砂产地,这表明当时应该存在着某种长途贸易或文化交流的通道来保证朱砂的供应。直到唐宋时期,朱砂仍受到社会上层人群的钟爱,此时朱砂产地进一步扩展,且已出现了与国外进行朱砂贸易的情况。对先秦至唐宋时期的朱砂产地进行考证,可为探讨我国古代朱砂资源的开发、利用、交流贸易等方面研究提供资料参考,对于古代朱砂采矿遗址的调查与探寻工作具有指导意义,也是中国古代朱砂流通网络研究的重要基础。Based on current archaeological data,the history of cinnabar use in China can be traced back to the Hemudu period.Subsequently,cinnabar was widely applied in high-level structure,tombs,religious ceremonies,and medical fields.According to the analysis of documentary materials and modern geological exploration results,it was speculated that the regions at the junction of southeastern Chongqing and the border between Hunan and Guizhou may have been the origin of ancient Chinese cinnabar mining.During the pre-Qin period,most archaeological sites where cinnabar was unearthed were far from the cinnabar production areas,indicating that there must have been a long-distance trade or cultural exchange channels to ensure the supply of cinnabar.Until the Tang and Song dynasties,cinnabar was still cherished by the upper classes of society.By this time,the production areas of cinnabar had expanded further,and there were already instances of trade in cinnabar with foreign countries.Researching the cinnabar production sites from the pre-Qin to the Tang and Song periods can provide reference materials for exploring the development,utilization,and trade exchanges of ancient Chinese cinnabar resources.It also has guiding significance for the investigation and exploration of ancient cinnabar mining sites and is an important foundation for studying the ancient Chinese cinnabar exchange network.

关 键 词：朱砂矿 辰砂 产地溯源 土贡制度 

分 类 号：K876.9[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]