花后喷施不同浓度叶面肥对小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响  

Different Concentrations of Foliar Fertilizer Spraying after Anthesis on Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization

作　　者：李梦宇 魏迎春 葛福柱 王芃 徐绍栋 贾中立 代兴龙[1] LI Meng-yu;WEI Ying-chun;GE Fu-zhu;WANG Peng;XU Shao-dong;JIA Zhong-li;DAI Xing-long(State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Agronomy/Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China;Heze Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Heze 274047,China;Guorun Modern Agricultural Industry Research Institute(Xinjiang)Co.,Ltd.,Kashgar 844499,China)

机构地区：[1]小麦育种全国重点实验室,农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018 [2]菏泽市农业科学院,山东菏泽274000 [3]国润现代农业产业研究院(新疆)有限公司,新疆喀什844499

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期226-235,共10页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2300203);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(YDZX2022130);兵团中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2024YD020);山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”项目(2022KJ242)。

摘　　要：以小麦品种鲁丰128、济麦44为试验材料,于2022~2023年在喀什市英吉沙县新疆鲁丰农业科技发展有限公司试验基地,设置0、1、2、3、4、5 ml·L^(-1)等6个叶面肥喷施浓度处理(分别以CK、T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示),研究了花后喷施不同浓度叶面肥对喀什小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,花后喷施叶面肥通过提高花后干物质生产量及其对籽粒的贡献率,增加了成熟期干物质积累量以及向籽粒分配的干物质量,进而提高小麦千粒重和产量;通过提高花后氮素吸收量及其对籽粒氮素的贡献率,提高了籽粒氮素积累量和成熟期氮素积累量,进而提高氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率。不同浓度叶面肥喷施效果存在差异,在T3、T4处理下小麦产量(12.1%-12.5%、12.7%-13.1%)和氮素利用效率(12.12%-12.51%、12.74%-13.09%)增幅最大。但叶面肥喷施浓度过高会降低收获指数、粒重、氮素收获指数、氮素内在利用效率,进而降低产量和氮素利用率。模型分析显示生产上采用3.41~3.57 ml·L^(-1)的黑泽丰叶面肥喷施浓度下小麦增产增效效果最优。研究结果为丰富南疆小麦“一喷三防”技术和区域小麦增产增效提供了参考。Taking the cultivar Lufeng 128 and Jimai 44 as experimental material,six foliar fertilizer concentration treatments of 0,1,2,3,4,5 ml·L^(-1)(represented by CK,T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5,respectively)are set up in the experimental station of Xinjiang Lufeng Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co.,Ltd.in Yingjisha County,Kashgar City from 2022 to 2023.The effects of different concentrations of foliar fertilizer spraying after anthesis on wheat yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization are studied.The results show that compared with CK,spraying foliar fertilizers after anthesis increase the dry matter accumulation at maturity and its distribution in grains by promoting the dry matter production after anthesis and its contribution rate to grains,thereby enhancing the thousand-grain weight and yield.Meanwhile,through increasing the nitrogen uptake after anthesis and its contribution rate to grain nitrogen,the grain nitrogen accumulation and the nitrogen accumulation at maturity are raised,thereby improving the nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).The spraying effects of foliar fertilizers vary with different concentrations.Under the T3 and T4 treatments,the increment in wheat yield(12.1%-12.5%,12.7%-13.1%)and NUE(12.12%-12.51%,12.74%-13.09%)are the largest.However,excessive spraying concentrations of foliar fertilizer could reduce the harvest index,grain weight,nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen utilization efficiency,thereby reducing the yield and NUE.The model analysis indicate that a spraying concentration of 3.41-3.57 mL·L^(-1) of Heizefeng foliar fertilizer achieves the optimal yield and efficiency improvement for wheat in production.The conclusion provides a reference for enriching the technology of"spraying once for three protections"for wheat production and enhancing the yield and NUE of winter wheat in southern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：冬小麦 叶面肥 干物质 氮素 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]