黄淮冬麦区北片小麦资源抗冻性评价及育种亲本追踪  

Freezing Resistance Evaluation of Wheat Resources and Tracking of Breeding Parents in Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region

作　　者：崔慧敏 宣宇 张煜 林双 常旭虹[3] 吴儒刚 CUI Hui-min;XUAN Yu;ZHANG Yu;LIN Shuang;CHANG Xu-hong;WU Ru-gang(Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou 253015,China;Institute of Botany/Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Institute of CropSciences/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]德州市农业科学研究院,山东德州253015 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期344-352,共9页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目(2023LZGC009)。

摘　　要：黄淮冬麦区小麦越冬期易受到低温影响,导致小麦不同程度冻害甚至死亡,影响产量。为培育适合黄淮冬麦区的抗寒性强的小麦品种,本研究在极端低温发生的2022年—2023年度,将来自10个地区138份小麦品种(系)进行冬季抗冻性研究,并对冻害等级进行细化,同时对抗冻性好的品种(系)进行了系谱分析,旨在理清抗冻种质资源的遗传脉络,综合亲本优质性状,指导育种实践。结果表明,在本年度环境条件下,参试品种(系)的冻害等级集中在2级到5级之间,其中4-级及以上占44.20%,表明近一半的参试品种(系)抗冻性较弱;采用聚类分析计算欧式距离(Euclid Distance,ED),可将供试材料分为8类,其中岱麦4493、登海202、菏麦25、济麦22、济麦54、轮选145、泰农19、永丰106等35个小麦品种(系)抗冻性较强;对抗冻性强的小麦品种(系)进行亲本溯源,分析表明27个小麦品种(系)的系谱存在较强关联,部分亲本利用频率较高,筛选出科农199、邯6172、烟农19、烟农15、鲁麦14、鲁麦13等为抗冻性优异种质。本研究可为黄淮冬麦区北片小麦育种选配抗冻性强的优良亲本提供理论参考。The overwintering period of wheat in the Huanghuai winter wheat region is extremely susceptible to low temperature resulting in different degrees of freezing damage even the death of wheat,subsequently affecting yield.To cultivate wheat varieties with strong freezing resistance suitable for the Huanghuai winter wheat region,we conduct a study on winter freezing resistance of 138 wheat varieties(strains)from 10 regions,and refine the freezing damage level.At the same time,pedigree analysis is conducted on some varieties(strains)with good freezing resistance,aiming to clarify the context of freezing resistance germplasm resources and guide breeding practice by synthesizing the superior traits of parents.The results show that under the environmental conditions of this year,the frost damage grades of the tested varieties(strains)are concentrated between grade 2 and grade 5,of which 44.20%are above grade 4-,indicating that nearly half of the varieties(strains)currently had weak freezing resistance.Using cluster analysis to calculate Euclid Distance(ED),the test materials are divided into 8 categories,and 35 cold resistant wheat varieties(strains),including Daimai 4493,Denghai 202,Hemai 25,Jimai 22,Jimai 54,Lunxuan 145,Tainong 19,and Yongfeng 106.The parent tracing of wheat varieties(strains)with strong freezing resistance show that there is a strong correlation in the genealogy of 27 wheat varieties(strains),and some parents have a higher frequency of utilization.Therefore,excellent breeding parents such as Kenong 199,Han 6172,Yannong 19,Yannong 15,Lumai13 and Lumai14 are selected.This study can provide theoretical reference for selecting excellent parents with strong freezing resistance in wheat breeding in the northern part of the Huanghuai winter wheat region.

关 键 词：小麦 抗冻性 育种 亲本追踪 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]