综合氮肥管理技术对旱地小麦土壤水氮分布及根系生长的优化研究  

Optimization of Soil Water and Nitrogen Distribution and Root Growth of Dryland Wheat by Comprehensive Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Technology

作　　者：秦立新 QIN Li-xin(Mengyin County Inspection and Testing Center,mengyin 276200,China)

机构地区：[1]蒙阴县检验检测中心,山东临沂276200

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期362-372,共11页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：山东省教育厅科技计划项目(G09LG24128)。

摘　　要：针对现有小麦氮肥管理技术过于侧重单一的氮素用量优化,而忽略水氮协同作用这一局限,研究提出了一种综合氮肥管理技术。首先将氮肥用量优化与耕作方式、栽培技术、覆盖物等农业措施进行结合,关注氮肥的合理施用。同时,通过农艺措施提升作物产量和氮肥利用效率。试验设置处理组2个,包括传统覆膜栽培的A组和覆膜栽培优化施肥的B组。研究结果显示,花后0 d A组和B组的平均储水量分别为147 mm和155 mm,且B组增加量显著高于A组。A组和B组在沟内0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层的水氮含量分别为27 kgN/hm^(2)和15 kgN/hm^(2)、25 kgN/hm^(2)和13 kgN/hm^(2)。B组在麦行的根重密度显著增加了32.3%,在垄上显著增加了8.2%。花后0 d,B组麦行的根表面积密度增加45%,垄上10~20 cm土层根表面积密度显著提升了327%。由此,研究所提方法能够有效改善麦行土壤水氮分布,对小麦的根系生长具有积极作用,能够指导实际的小麦生产管理。A comprehensive nitrogen fertilizer management technology has been proposed to address the limitation of existing wheat nitrogen fertilizer management techniques that focus too much on optimizing single nitrogen application and neglect the synergistic effects of water and nitrogen.Firstly,the optimization of nitrogen fertilizer dosage is combined with farming methods,cultivation techniques,mulching and other agricultural measures to focus on the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer.At the same time,crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency are enhanced through agronomic measures.Two treatment groups are set up in the experiment,including Group A with traditional mulch cultivation and Group B with optimized fertilizer application in mulch cultivation.The results show that the average water storage in Group A and Group B is 147 mm and 155 mm at 0 d after flowering,and the increase in Group B is significantly higher than that in Group A.The water-N contents in the 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm soil layers in the furrow are 27 kg N/hm2 and 15 kg N/hm2,25 kg N/hm2 and 13 kg N/hm2 for groups A and B respectively.The root weight density of group B is increased by 32.3%in the wheat rows and 8.2%on the ridges.At 0 d after anthesis,Group B shows a 45%increase in root surface area density in the wheat rows and a 327%increase in the 10~20 cm soil layer on the ridges respectively.Therefore,the method proposed by the research can effectively improve the distribution of soil water and nitrogen in wheat rows,exert a positive effect on the root growth of wheat,and provide guidance for practical wheat production management.

关 键 词：小麦 氮肥管理技术 土壤 根系生长 作物氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]