“后小康”时代农民收入均衡性增长探析  

The Balanced Growth of Farmers’Income in the Post-well-off Era

作　　者：曹红 CAO Hong(School of Marxism,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学马克思主义学院,北京100069

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期72-80,共9页Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：北京市教育委员会科研计划项目“乡村振兴背景下农民收入均衡性增长研究”(SM202310025004)。

摘　　要：改革开放至2021年称为“小康时代”,2021年至2035年称为“后小康”时代。在小康时代,农民收入增长可划分为有明显起伏的高速增长、比城镇居民收入增速略低的中高速增长、在城乡收入差距拉大中稳定快速增长、在不断缩短城乡收入差中平稳较快增长四个阶段,农民生活水平相应经历了从普遍贫困到温饱自足,再到低水平不平衡的小康,最后到高水平更全面的小康的提升过程。然而,在全面建成小康社会时期,农民收入的结构性问题更加明显:农民收入结构变化滞后于人口就业结构转换,财产净收入对农民收入增长贡献低,农民群体内部增收的“马太效应”凸显,农民收入的区域差距依然突出。因此,在“后小康”时代实现农民收入均衡性增长,要坚持党的领导核心地位和更好发挥政府作用,支持中小微企业发展和农民自主创业,提升农民工资性收入和二三产业经营收入;强化科技创新支撑,实现农产品增产提质和农民第一产业经营收入增长;以赋予农民更充分的土地财产权为核心改革宅基地制度,提高农民财产净收入;提高农民社会保障水平,完善城乡统一的社会保障体系,增加农民转移净收入。Reform and opening up until 2021 can be called the“well-off era”and 2021 to 2035 can be called the“post-well-off”era.In the well-off era,the growth of farmers’income can be divided into four stages:high-speed growth with obvious fluctuations,medium-high growth with slightly lower growth than that of urban residents,stable and rapid growth in the widening income gap between urban and rural areas,and steady and rapid growth in the continuous shortening of the income gap between urban and rural areas.Correspondingly,farmers’living standards have gone from widespread poverty to self-sufficiency in food and clothing,then to a low level of unbalanced well-off,and finally to a higher level of a more comprehensive well-off process.However,in the period of building a well-off society in an all-round way,the structural problems of farmers’income are more obvious:The change in farmers’income structure lags behind the transformation of population employment structure;the contribution of net property income to farmers’income growth is low;the“Matthew effect”of income increase within farmers’groups is prominent;and the regional gap in farmers’income is still prominent.Therefore,to achieve balanced growth of farmers’income in the post-welloff era,we must adhere to the leadership core of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and give better play to the role of the government,support the development of micro,small and medium-sized enterprises and farmers’self-employment,and increase farmers’wage income and the operating income of secondary and tertiary industries.We should strengthen support for technological innovation to increase production,improve the quality of agricultural products,and increase farmers’operating income in the primary industry.We should give farmers more adequate land property rights as the core reform of the homestead system and improve farmers’net property income.We should raise the level of social security for farmers,improve the unified social security system for urban and r

关 键 词：农民收入 “后小康”时代 均衡性增长 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]