2014—2022年驻兰部队营区鼠类监测结果  

RODENT DENSITY IN THE GARRISONS OF LANZHOU CITY DURING 2014-2022

作　　者：甘军 左晶 王琳 王伟 孟兴 张永龙 石清明 叶晓磊 GAN Jun;ZUO Jing;WANG Lin;WANG Wei;MENG Xing;ZHANG Yong-long;SHI Qing-ming;YE Xiao-lei(Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Western Theater Command,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China;Armed Police Gansu Corps Hospital,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西部战区疾病预防控制中心,兰州730030 [2]武警甘肃省总队医院,兰州730030

出　　处：《寄生虫与医学昆虫学报》2025年第1期34-38,共5页Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：军队相关课题(AWS16J021,AWS21J007)。

摘　　要：目的了解驻兰部队营区家栖鼠密度、鼠种构成和季节消长情况,为部队开展鼠类防制提供基础信息。方法2014—2022年根据驻地性质设置城区、郊区、偏远地区3种生境共12个监测点,在奇数月中旬采用夹夜法进行家栖鼠密度监测。结果2014—2022年,共布放有效鼠夹122035夹次,捕获各类家栖鼠共346只,平均家栖鼠密度为0.28%;2016年家栖鼠密度最高(0.63%),2020年最低(0.07%),不同年间家栖鼠密度存在显著差异,整体呈现先降后升趋势(χ^(2)=136.555,P<0.001);褐家鼠为该监测区域优势鼠种,占比83.24%。不同年份鼠种构成差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.931,P<0.05);不同监测生境,家栖鼠密度、鼠种构成均存在显著差异(P<0.001),偏远地区驻地家栖鼠密度最高,城区驻地最低;各年间家栖鼠密度季节消长均呈双峰型,1或3月出现小高峰,7月出现大高峰。结论驻兰部队营区家栖鼠密度在2014—2022年间呈上升趋势。鼠类防制应以偏远地区驻地为重心,有针对性地实施灭鼠、防鼠措施,以降低鼠传疾病风险。Objective To investigate the density,species composition,and seasonal prevalence of domestic rodents in different habitats within Lanzhou garrisons,providing basic information for rodent prevention and control.Methods A total of 12 monitoring sites were sampled across urban,suburban,and rural residential areas from 2014 to 2022.Rodent density was monitored using the night-trapping method in the middle of odd-numbered months.Results From 2014 to 2022,346 domestic rodents were captured using 122035 effective traps,with an average domestic rodent density of 0.28%.The highest domestic rodent density was 0.63%in 2016,and the lowest was 0.07%in 2020,showing significant differences across years,with an overall trend of initially decreasing and then increasing(χ^(2)=136.555,P<0.001).The dominant species was Rattus norvegicus,accounting for 83.24%of the total rodents captured.Rattus norvegicus accounted for a relatively high proportion across different years,with a statistically significant difference in species composition(χ^(2)=20.931,P<0.05).Rodent densities and species composition also varied significantly among the monitored habitats(P<0.001),with the highest densities observed in rural residential areas and the lowest in urban areas.Seasonal variation in rodent densities showed a bimodal pattern,with smaller peaks in January or March and a larger peak in July.Conclusions Domestic rodent density in Lanzhou garrisons has shown an upward trend in the past few years.Rodent control measures should focus on barracks in rural residential areas,with targeted interventions to reduce the risk of rodent-borne diseases.

关 键 词：鼠 密度 监测 

分 类 号：R184.35[医药卫生—流行病学]