不同生育期食叶草营养物质变化规律及饲用价值分析  

Analysis of Nutrient Changes and Feeding Value of Edible Dock at Different Growth Stages

作　　者：刘威 王昊[1] 蔡卫佳[1] 罗桂杰[1] 刘旭[1] LIU Wei;WANG Hao;CAI Wei-jia;LUO Gui-jie;LIU Xu(Suqian Institute of Agricultural Science,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science,Suqian 223800)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所,宿迁223800

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2025年第4期47-52,共6页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：2023年宿迁市农业科技自主创新资金项目(SQCX202307)。

摘　　要：食叶草富含蛋白质,具有较高的营养价值和饲用价值。本研究测定了食叶草叶簇期、抽茎期和现蕾期的主要营养成分,并分析了食叶草不同生育期营养物质的变化规律及饲用价值。结果表明叶簇期、抽茎期和现蕾期粗蛋白含量分别为28.77%、21.99%和13.87%,粗脂肪含量分别为5.16%、2.57%和1.43%,粗纤维含量分别为8.92%、14.94%、37.37%,类胡萝卜素含量分别为36mg/100g、29.79 mg/100g和18.85 mg/100g;食叶草不同生育期均含有17种氨基酸,其中人类必需氨基酸有7种;矿物质中钾含量最高,铜含量最低,叶簇期、抽茎期和现蕾期钾含量分别为6.39%、5.74%和4.50%,铜含量分别为41.87mg/kg、30.83mg/kg和8.67mg/kg;但抗营养因子单宁和草酸含量也较高,叶簇期、抽茎期和现蕾期单宁含量分别为10050.27mg/kg、16305.07mg/kg和48532.18mg/kg,草酸含量分别为8449.53mg/kg、4980.82mg/kg和3800.15mg/kg。食叶草各营养物质含量随着不同生育期而变化,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、类胡萝卜素和氨基酸含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势,粗纤维、ADF和NDF含量呈现逐渐升高的趋势,干物质、粗灰分和部分矿物质元素等无明显规律呈现。因此,就营养价值而言食叶草属于优质牧草,有较高的饲用价值;但其单宁和草酸含量较高,会降低适口性和营养物质的利用率,需要进一步解决此问题。The edible dock is rich in protein,which has high nutritional value and feeding value.In this study,the nutrient components of edible dock were determined at leaf cluster stage,stem extraction stage and bud emergence stage,and the changes and feeding value of nutrients at different growth periods were analyzed.The results showed that the crude protein content was 28.77%,21.99%and 13.87%,and the ether extract content was 5.16%,2.57%and 1.43%,the crude fiber content was 8.92%,14.94%,37.37%,the carotenoid contents were 36.0mg/100g,29.79mg/100g and 18.85mg/100g,in leaf cluster stage,stem extraction stage and bud stage,respectively.Edible dock contains 17 types of amino acids at different growth stages,including 7 essential amino acids for humans.The content of potassium in minerals is the highest,and the content of copper is the lowest.The potassium content was 6.39%,5.74%and 4.50%,and the copper content was 41.87mg/kg,30.83mg/kg and 8.67mg/kg,in leaf cluster stage,stem extraction stage and bud stage,respectively.However,the contents of tannin and oxalic acid were also high,and the contents of tannin were 10050.27,16305.07 and 48532.18mg/kg,and the oxalic acid were 8449.53,4980.82 and 3800.15mg/kg,in leaf cluster stage,stem extraction stage and bud stage.The contents of various nutrients in edible dock vary with different growth stages.The contents of crude protein,ether extract,carotenoids and amino acids gradually decrease with different growth stages,while the contents of crude fiber,ADF and NDF gradually increase with different growth stages,such as leaf cluster stage,stem-heading stage and budding stage,while the contents of dry matter,crude ash and some mineral elements had no obvious regular change.Therefore,in terms of nutritional value,it belongs to high quality forage and has higher feeding value.However,the high content of tannin and oxalic acid will reduce palatability and utilization of nutrients,which needs to be further solved.

关 键 词：食叶草 营养物质 变化规律 饲用价值 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]