不同生理阶段奶牛粪便堆存过程中CO_(2)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放特征研究  

Study on the Emission Characteristics of CO_(2),N_(2)O and CH_(4) of Manure from Different Physiological Stages

作　　者：毛春春 张婧雯 刘超 厉龙 任宇佳 MAO Chun-chun;ZHANG Jing-wen;LIU Chao;LI Long;REN Yu-jia(Animal Husbandry Workstation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750000)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区畜牧工作站,银川750000

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2025年第4期58-63,共6页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目计划(2022BBF02016)。

摘　　要：随着我国奶产业的快速发展,粪污产生量逐年增加。堆存是奶牛养殖场粪污贮存处理的重要方式,但随着有机质的降解,会产生大量的二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亚氮等温室气体。为了研究奶牛粪便堆存过程中温室气体的排放规律,促进畜禽粪污高效利用和温室气体减排,本文采集犊牛、后备牛、泌乳牛新鲜粪便,采用静态箱法自然堆存61d,测定堆存过程中粪便理化性质(干物质、挥发性固体、总碳、总氮)、温室气体(CO_(2)、CH_(4)、N_(2)O)排放规律,核算堆存过程中总温室效应。结果表明,不同生理阶段奶牛粪便初始理化指标存在差异,干物质含量从高到低为后备牛组、犊牛组、泌乳牛组,挥发性固体从高到低为泌乳牛组、犊牛组、后备牛组,总碳含量从高到低为泌乳牛组、犊牛组、后备牛组,总氮含量从高到低为泌乳牛组、后备牛组、犊牛组,碳氮比的排序与总氮含量相反。牛粪堆存过程中温室气体排放通量与初始理化性质有关,CO_(2)排放通量变化与环境温度变化一致,CH_(4)主要在中后期排放,N_(2)O主要在后期排放;CO_(2)、CH_(4)累积排放量和总温室气体排放量从大到小均为泌乳牛组、后备牛组、犊牛组,N_(2)O累积排放通量从大到小依次为后备牛组、犊牛组、泌乳牛组,犊牛组总温室气体排放量显著低于泌乳牛组和后备牛组,CO_(2)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O温室效应占总温室效应的比例分别为60%~87%、6%~19%、4%~33%。本研究可为奶产业低碳减排养殖提供理论支撑。With the development of dairy industry in China,the amount of feces produced is increasing year by year.Stacking is an important way of manure storage and treatment in dairy farm,but as organic matter degrades,it produces large amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide,methane and Nitrous oxide.In order to study the rule of greenhouse gas emission in the process of storing dairy manure,and to promote the efficient utilization of livestock manure and the reduction of greenhouse gas emission,we was collected the fresh manure of dairy cows in different physiological stages(calf group,back-up cow group,lactating cow group)and stored naturally for 61 days,using a static Gas chromatography measured CO_(2),CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions during storage,determined the contents of dry matter,volatile solids,TC and TN before and after the storage of cow dung.The results showed that the initial total carbon,total nitrogen and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen were different in different physiological stages.The initial total carbon content of cow dung from high to low was lactating cow group,calf group,back-up cow group.The order of total nitrogen content from high to low is lactating cow group,back-up cow group and calf group,but the order of C/N ratio is opposite to total nitrogen.These differences resulted in accumulative emissions of greenhouse gas differently.The change of CO_(2) emission flux is consistent with the change of environmental temperature,CH_(4) emission is mainly in the middle and later period,and N_(2)O emission is mainly in the later period.The total greenhouse gas emissions of CO_(2) and CH_(4) were measured from lactating cow group,followed by back-up cow group and then calf group.The total greenhouse gas emission from calf group was significantly low than that from lactating cow group and back-up cow group.The cumulative emission of N_(2)O was measured from back-up cow group,followed by calf group and then lactating cow group.Among the three gases,CO_(2),CH_(4) and N_(2)O contributed 60%~87%,6%~19

关 键 词：不同生理阶段 奶牛 粪便 堆存 温室气体 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]