微量元素对烟草质量的影响及管理对策  

Effects of Trace Elements on Tobacco Quality and Management Strategies

作　　者：陈涛 廖睿 吕大树 韩严竟 吴彦霖 徐宸 李瑜 范业晨 卿龙豪 王智 杨大庆 CHEN Tao;LIAO Rui;LYU Dashu;HAN Yanjing;WU Yanlin;XU Chen;LI Yu;FAN Yechen;QING Longhao;WANG Zhi;YANG Daqing(Raw Materials Supply Center,China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co.Ltd.,Guiyang 550001,China;Shizhu Branch of Chongqing Tobacco Company,Chongqing 404600,China;College of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中烟工业有限责任公司原料供应中心,贵阳550001 [2]中国烟草总公司重庆市公司石柱分公司,重庆400023 [3]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆40071

出　　处：《植物医学》2025年第2期59-66,共8页Plant Health and Medicine

基　　金：贵州中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(基于贵州中烟重庆石柱烟叶典型醇甜香风格特征挖掘,B20251NY1305);中国烟草总公司重庆市公司重大科技项目(工业原料产质保障的烟田三维一体“营养、除草、控病”技术研究与应用,B20241NY1303)。

摘　　要：烟草的生长和品质形成过程中,微量元素起着非常重要的作用。烟株长期缺乏或者过量摄入微量元素均可对烟叶的外观、化学成分比例、燃烧性和口感等产生显著影响。当前烟叶生产过程中仍存在过度依赖氮、磷、钾肥的现象,忽视微肥补充,同时与土壤酸化、耕作粗放等问题叠加,加剧了大量元素与微量元素之间比例失衡的情况。制定合理的微量元素管理对策不仅有助于烟草生长,还能显著改善其燃烧、烟气质量以及感官特性。文章根据前人研究综述了各类微量元素对烟草质量的具体影响,并针对各微量元素提出了不同的管理措施,以期为烟草生产提供科学依据。Trace elements play a critical role in tobacco growth and quality formation.Long-term deficiency or excessive uptake of trace elements by tobacco plants can significantly affect leaf morphology,chemical composition ratios,combustion properties,and flavor characteristics.Current tobacco production is still excessive reliance on NPK fertilizers and neglect the micronutrients supplementation.At same time,combined with issues such as soil acidification and extensive farming practices,the imbalance between macronutrients and trace elements has been exacerbated.Establishing rational trace element management strategies not only better supports plant growth,but also significantly improves its combustion efficiency,smoke quality,and sensory attributes.Based on existing research,this paper systematically reviews the specific impacts of various trace elements on tobacco quality and proposes targeted management measures for individual elements,aiming to provide scientific guidance for tobacco production.

关 键 词：微量元素 烟草 生理机制 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]