入侵植物刺苍耳在干旱与半干旱区不同生境中的种群分布及危害特征研究  

Study on the Population Distribution and HarmfulCharacteristics of Invasive Xanthium spinosum Linn. inDifferent Habitats of Arid and Semi-arid Regions

作　　者：张萌 张一凡 刘忠权 董合干[1,2] 陈宝雄 ZHANG Meng;ZHANG Yifan;LIU Zhongquan;DONG Hegan;CHEN Baoxiong(School of Life Sciences,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Western Agricultural Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji,Xinjiang 831100,China;Yili Vocational and Technical College,Yili,Xinjiang 835000,China;Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉831100 [3]伊犁州职业技术学院,新疆伊犁835000 [4]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100000

出　　处：《植物医学》2025年第2期81-90,共10页Plant Health and Medicine

基　　金：2023年度兵团指导性科技计划项目(2023ZD051);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01F06)。

摘　　要：一年生入侵杂草刺苍耳(Xanthium spinosum Linn.)已经广泛入侵至干旱与半干旱区的新疆。为明确其入侵区域的发生、分布与危害特征,在刺苍耳核心分布区伊犁河谷和昌吉回族自治州设置样地,分析路边、荒地、居民区、农田边4种生境下,刺苍耳及本地植物种群密度(相对密度)、盖度(相对盖度)、鲜重生物量(相对鲜重生物量)特征,植物物种多样性特征及其在空间上的变化趋势,探究刺苍耳的种群分布及危害特征。结果表明:在干旱与半干旱区的新疆,刺苍耳在路边、荒地、居民区、农田边4种生境中的平均密度、平均盖度、平均鲜重生物量分别为5.7株/m^(2)、 24.5%、 149.1 g/m^(2),平均相对密度、平均相对盖度、平均相对鲜重生物量分别为0.278 9、 0.463 3、 0.553 2,即刺苍耳已经广泛形成单优势种群落;对比路边、荒地、居民区和农田边4种入侵生境,刺苍耳在农田边生境危害更大,同时干旱与半干旱区低海拔、高经度区域的刺苍耳危害更大。建议加强干旱与半干旱区刺苍耳核心发生区的集中灭除和未发生区的监测与预防,尤其重视农田边刺苍耳的防除。The annual invasive weed Xanthium spinosum Linn.has widely invaded Xinjiang,an arid and semi-arid region.To clarify the occurrence,distribution,and harm characteristics of its invasion area,set up sample plots in the core distribution area of Xanthium spinosum Linn.,Yili Valley,China and Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture,China,analyze the characteristics of Xanthium spinosum Linn.The population density(relative density),coverage(relative coverage),fresh weight biomass(relative fresh weight biomass)characteristics,plant species diversity characteristics,and spatial variation trends of Xanthium spinosum Linn.were analyzed in four habitats:roadside,wasteland,residential area,and farmland edges.The population distribution and harm characteristics of Xanthium spinosum Linn.and its local plants were explored.The results showed that in the arid and semi-arid region of Xinjiang,the average density,average coverage,average fresh weight biomass and average relative density,average relative coverage,and average relative fresh weight biomass of Xanthium spinosum Linn.in the four habitats of the core distribution area reached 5.7 plants/m^(2),24.5%,149.1 g/m^(2),0.2789,0.4633,and 0.5532,respectively.This indicates that Xanthium spinosum Linn.has formed a single dominant species community widely.Compared with the four invasive habitats of roadside,wasteland,residential areas,and farmland edges,Xanthium spinosum Linn.poses greater harm in farmland edge habitats;At the same time,the harm of Xanthium spinosum Linn.is greater in low altitude and high longitude areas of arid and semi-arid regions.It is recommended to strengthen the centralized eradication of core Xanthium spinosum Linn.occurrence areas and the monitoring and prevention of non-occurrence areas,especially paying attention to the prevention and control of farmland edge Xanthium spinosum Linn.

关 键 词：刺苍耳 干旱区与半干旱区 生境 单优势种群落 植物多样性 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]