BaS与Na_(2)S共沉淀法处理放射性废液  

Co-Precipitation Method of BaS and Na_(2)S for Treatmentof Radioactive Waste Liquid

作　　者：杨静远 姚晓琦 叶沥 靳海睿 王毅[1] YANG Jing-yuan;YAO Xiao-qi;YE Li;JIN Hai-rui;WANG Yi(Nuclear Environmental Engineering Technology Research Center,School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100082,China;Sanmen Nuclear Power Co.,Ltd.,Taizhou 317100,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,核环境工程技术研究中心,北京100084 [2]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082 [3]三门核电有限公司,浙江台州317100

出　　处：《核化学与放射化学》2025年第2期169-174,I0003,共7页Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry

摘　　要：核电厂放射性废液处理一直是个难题,主要是因为核电厂放射性废液产量大,放射性污染程度不均匀,成分复杂。目前国内核电厂对放射性废液的处理基本上都是根据废液放射性污染程度和成分不同,采用桶内蒸发干燥法、离子交换法或者移动吸附设备等进行处理。化学共沉淀法虽然研究的比较早,但一直没有得到工程应用。本研究的目的在于探索化学共沉淀法用于实际处理核电站放射性废液的可行性。根据软硬酸碱理论,选择硫化物作为放射性重金属离子的沉淀剂,理论上可以对放射性废液中的主要核素如^(54)Mn、^(58)Co、60Co、^(110)Ag^(m)和^(125)Sb达到非常理想的去除效果。比较了Na_(2)S和BaS两种硫离子供体在相同沉淀条件下对核电厂实际放射性废液的处理效果,发现BaS对实际放射性废液的处理效果更佳,一次处理就可以把样品废液中的放射性降低到达标排放水平。同时对BaS比Na_(2)S处理效果好的原因进行了分析讨论。The treatment of radioactive waste liquid from nuclear power plants has always been a challenge,mainly due to the large production of radioactive waste liquid,uneven levels of radioactive pollution,and complex composition.At present,the treatment of radioactive waste liquid in domestic nuclear power plants is mainly based on the degree and composition of radioactive pollution in the wastewater,using methods such as direct drying in barrels,ion exchange,or imported mobile adsorption equipment.Although the chemical co-precipitation was studied relatively earlier than most of the modern radioactive waste water treatment methods,it has not been applied in engineering.The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of using chemical co-precipitation method for the actual treatment of radioactive waste liquid from nuclear power plants and trying to answer the question why the chemical coprecipitation method has not been applied to practice radioactive waste water treatment.According to the theory of soft-hard acid-base theory(HSAB),sulfides are selected as precipitants for removal of radioactive heavy metal ions in this work.Theoretically,they can achieve very ideal removal effects on the main heavy metal nuclides in radioactive waste liquid,such as ^(54)Mn,58Co,^(60)Co,^(110)Agm,and 125Sb.This work compares the treatment effects of two sulfur ion donors,sodium sulfide and barium sulfide,on actual radioactive waste liquid from a domestic nuclear power plants,under identical precipitation condition.The carrier chemicals used for ^(137)Cs,^(60/58)Co,^(125)Sb,^(110)Agm are CsCl,CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O,SbCl3,AgNO_(3) respectively,and the concentrations of carrier nuclides for target radionuclides are 0.5 g/L each.Because most of the carrier chemicals are chlorides,to avoid any interference with the co-precipitation of the 110Agm and 137Cs,the carrier chemical AgNO_(3) was first added to the radioactive waste water.After AgNO_(3) was well dissolved,the carrier CsCl was then added followed by the addition of sodium tetraph

关 键 词：放射性废液 共沉淀 软硬酸碱理论 

分 类 号：TL941.19[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]