放射性废水非接触式膜蒸馏处理工程样机的性能  

Performance Study of Non-Contact Membrane Distillation EngineeringPrototype for Treatment of Radioactive Wastewater

作　　者：王宝林 肖德涛 何正忠 杨醒锋 李成林 WANG Bao-lin;XIAO De-tao;HE Zheng-zhong;YANG Xing-feng;LI Cheng-lin(Radon Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,School of Nuclear Science and Technology,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China;Guangzhou Xi’an Environmental Control High-Tech Co.,Ltd,Guangzhou 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学核科学技术学院氡湖南省重点实验室,湖南衡阳421001 [2]广州熙安环控高科有限公司,广东广州510000

出　　处：《核化学与放射化学》2025年第2期181-189,I0004,共10页Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ40346)。

摘　　要：放射性废水非接触式膜蒸馏处理方法能够克服传统直接接触式膜蒸馏方法膜寿命短、膜通量低且不稳定、在线监测膜破损困难等缺点。为了将非接触式膜蒸馏处理方法应用于核电站、医院等产生的放射性废水就地减容和净化处理,参考非接触式膜蒸馏处理方法中实验装置的结构设计,并采用热泵余热回收技术降低能耗,设计加工了工程样机,系统研究样机的性能。结果表明:样机的膜通量达到20 kg/(m^(2)·h)以上;样机单位时间废水处理量可以根据实际需求在(16.58~75.15 kg/h)通过调整运行参数实现;引入热泵技术可以将能耗降低26%,预计每处理一吨废水的能耗将低于500 kW·h;通过电导率测量的离子去除效率达到99.7%,对模拟放射性废水中Sr^(2+)、I^(-)的截留率均大于99.9%。工程样机的研究结果为设计生产适合核电站、医院等所产生的放射性废水就地高度减容、净化处理装置奠定了技术基础。The non-contact membrane distillation(MD)method developed by researchers at the University of South China marks a notable advancement over traditional direct contact membrane distillation approaches.Conventional MD methods encounter substantial limitations,such as shortened membrane lifespan due to continual contact with contaminants,low and inconsistent membrane flux,and inadequate mechanisms for real-time membrane damage monitoring.These challenges significantly reduce the operational efficiency and reliability of MD in practical applications,particularly in environments where stable,uninterrupted performance is critical.The non-contact MD method,however,minimizes the direct interaction between the membrane and feed solution,thereby markedly extending the membrane's functional lifespan and enhancing its flux stability,rendering it more suitable for long-term,large-scale deployment.This study aims to adapt the non-contact MD technique for on-site volume reduction and purification of radioactive wastewater generated by nuclear power plants,hospitals,and similar facilities.To meet the specific requirements of these applications,the researchers referenced established design frameworks for non-contact MD devices and incorporated heat pump waste heat recovery technology.This integration not only improves energy efficiency but also addresses the need for an economical and practical treatment system.By utilizing heat pump technology,energy consumption in the MD process is reduced by approximately 26%,with projected energy use maintained below 500 kW·h per ton of wastewater treated.Such energy efficiency is essential for large-scale application,enhancing both the economic feasibility and sustainability of radioactive wastewater treatment.A pilot-scale engineering prototype was designed,constructed,and rigorously evaluated to determine its performance metrics.Experimental results indicate that the prototype achieves a robust membrane flux of over 20 kg/(m^(2)·h).Additionally,the prototype's wastewater treatment capacit

关 键 词：放射性废水 非接触式膜蒸馏 膜通量 

分 类 号：TL941.1[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护] TQ051.8[化学工程]