美国多层次养殖业保险产品体系对中国的借鉴  

The Reference of the Multi-level Livestock Insurance Product System in the United States to China

作　　者：何小伟[1] 徐奕涵 刘婧 梁瑞 HE Xiaowei;XU Yihan;LIU Jing;LIANG Rui

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学保险学院,北京100029 [2]南洋理工大学公共管理研究生院,新加坡639798 [3]中国人民财险股份有限公司,北京100021

出　　处：《世界农业》2025年第5期5-16,共12页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“农业保险的财政补贴政策对农户参保的激励效应测度及最优补贴水平研究”(71573041);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“费率市场化、监管约束与保险公司的风险承担研究”(21YJA790020)。

摘　　要：构建多层次农业保险体系是当前中国农业保险发展的重要方向和任务。近年来美国养殖业保险规模大幅扩张,养殖业保险产品层次不断丰富和完善,其发展经验对中国具有积极的借鉴意义。本文梳理了美国养殖业保险产品的发展历程,剖析了美国四类主要产品的运行机制,并对不同产品的特点进行了比较。研究发现:从价格保险向收入保险转型升级是美国近年来养殖业保险发展的趋势;虽然不同养殖业产品的保险标的可能一致,但其保障责任呈现出不同的层次,能满足养殖者多样化的需求;无论是美国的牲畜价格保险还是牲畜收入保险,都充分利用了期货市场的价格发现功能。基于此,本文提出积极探索养殖业收入保险、完善产品设计、优化“保险+期货”模式、加强信息共享等建议。Building a multi-level agricultural insurance system is an important direction and task for the current development of agricultural insurance in China.In recent years,the scale of livestock insurance in the United States has significantly expanded,and the level of livestock insurance products has been continuously enriched and improved.Its development experience has positive reference significance for China.This article reviews the development history of livestock insurance products in the United States,analyzes the operating mechanisms of the four main types of products in the United States,and compares the characteristics of different products.We find that upgrading from price insurance to income insurance is a trend in the development of livestock insurance in the United States in recent years.Although the insurance subject of different livestock products may be the same,their protection responsibilities present different levels,which can meet the diverse needs of breeders.Both livestock price insurance and livestock income insurance in the United States fully utilize the price discovery function of the futures market.Finally,this article proposes suggestions such as actively developing livestock income insurance,improving product design,optimizing the“insurance+futures”model and enhancing information sharing.

关 键 词：美国 养殖业保险 价格保险 收入保险 运行机制 

分 类 号：F840.66[经济管理—保险]