农业多功能性的历史演变、实践困境和发展路径——基于新中国成立以来的脉络梳理  

The Historical Evolution,Practical Dilemmas,and Development Pathways of Agricultural Multi-functionality——A Contextual Analysis based on the Evolution Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：刘文 李啸林 梅冬 宋帅 LIU Wen;LI Xiaolin;MEI Dong;SONG Shuai

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学成渝地区双城经济圈建设研究院,重庆400067 [2]英国克兰菲尔德大学管理学院,贝德福德郡MK430AL [3]北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用国家重点实验室,北京100081 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [5]西南政法大学商学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《世界农业》2025年第5期56-68,共13页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“重点帮扶县回流人口创业促进乡村产业融合发展的机制与路径研究”(23CJY049)。

摘　　要：发挥农业多功能性是加快现代农业发展的客观要求,也是乡村产业兴旺的必要途径,对促进中国乡村全面振兴具有重要意义。本文基于禀赋条件—时代要求—目标导向“三位一体”的分析框架,分析了新中国成立以来农业各功能和多功能性的历史演变,并将农业多功能性的历史演变划分为:发挥农产品供给、经济发展和社会保障基础功能(1949—1978年),向生态涵养、休闲旅游功能不断拓展(1979—2012年),文化传承与生态保护并重、农业农村高质量发展(2013年至今)三个阶段。本文发现,农业多功能性遭遇粮食安全问题仍然存在隐患、农业生态涵养功能面临威胁、农业休闲旅游功能拓展低端、农业文化传承功能拓展失衡的实践困境,提出了以粮食安全为底推进农产品供给功能坚实稳固、以生态为基促进农业生态涵养功能加快转化、以田园风光为韵推进农业休闲功能高端拓展、以文化为魂促进农业文化传承功能有形延伸的发展路径。Promoting the multi-functionality of agriculture is an objective requirement for accelerating the development of modern agriculture and a necessary path for the prosperity of rural industries.It is of great significance in advancing the comprehensive revitalization of China’s rural areas.This article analyzes the historical evolution of various functions and multi-functionality of agriculture since the founding of of the People’s Republic of China based on an analytical framework of’endowment conditions-era requirements-goal orientation’,dividing it into three stages:First,the basic functions of agricultural product supply,economic development,and social security(1949–1978);second,expansion towards ecological conservation and leisure tourism functions(1979–2012);and third,equal emphasis on cultural heritage and ecological protection,with high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas(2013–present).This paper finds that the multi-functionality of agriculture still faces challenges such as lingering risks to food security,threats to the ecological conservation function of agriculture,the low-end expansion of agricultural leisure tourism,and imbalances in the practical inheritance of agricultural culture.The proposed development path includes:ensuring food security as the bottom line by solidifying the agricultural product supply function;accelerating the transformation of the ecological conservation function of agriculture with an ecological foundation;promoting the high-end development of the agricultural leisure function with rural scenery as its charm;and enhancing the tangible extension of the agricultural cultural inheritance function with culture as its essence.

关 键 词：农业多功能性 历史演变 脉络梳理 乡村振兴 现代农业 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]