五类市场失灵与国有企业战略使命  

Five types of market failures and strategic missions of state-owned enterprises

作　　者：李钢[1,2] 游正宇 熊昭 LI Gang;YOU Zhengyu;XIONG Zhao(Faculty of Applied Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;Institute of Industrial Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《沈阳工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期121-136,共16页Journal of Shenyang University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家电网有限公司科技项目(SGHEDK00KJJS2310138)。

摘　　要：国有企业作为社会主义市场经济的重要市场主体,始终是推动中国经济高质量发展的核心力量。在新时代背景下,面对国际政治格局的深刻变革与国内共同富裕目标的战略要求,重新审视国有企业的功能定位,不仅关乎其自身改革方向,更是理解中国特色社会主义市场经济制度优势的关键命题。通过构建拓展性的基于“五类市场失灵”的国有企业“属性—战略使命—功能”分析框架,系统阐释国有企业在新时代的战略使命与功能定位。从弥补市场失灵的视角切入,传统市场失灵理论主要聚焦三类典型问题:第一类是市场经济国家普遍面临的垄断、外部性与公共品短缺问题,第二类是发展中国家因路径依赖形成的比较优势陷阱,第三类是转型经济体特有的市场制度不完善与行政壁垒。随着时代的发展,市场失灵的外延进一步扩展,形成两类新挑战:第四类失灵是逆全球化趋势的国际政治影响下传统国际分工体系受到冲击,第五类失灵是市场机制难以实现共同富裕。本文提出,国有企业的战略使命及功能定位根植于其三重属性的协同实践:经济属性以效率提升与战略突破为核心,能够弥补传统的三类市场失灵,驱动经济高质量发展;政治属性以国家安全与全球竞争力为使命,能够弥补第四类市场失灵,应对逆全球化挑战;社会属性以公平共享为目标,能够弥补第五类市场失灵,努力推动共同富裕。国有企业不仅是市场失灵的“修补者”,更是国家战略的“引领者”。其三重属性的协同实践,既是中国经济体制的独特优势,也是全球治理变局下“有效市场+有为政府”的生动注解。IGDS调查发现,国有企业在解决五类市场失灵中的表现已获得社会较高认可。As crucial market entities in the socialist market economy,state-owned enterprises have always been the core force driving China′s high-quality economic development.In the new era,amid profound shifts in the international political landscape and strategic requirements of the domestic goal of common prosperity,redefining the functional positioning of state-owned enterprises not only shapes their reform trajectory but also serves as a crucial proposition for understanding the institutional strengths of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics.Based on the extended analytical framework of“Attributes-Strategic Missions-Functions”for state-owned enterprises based on five types of market failures,this paper systematically explains the strategic mission and functional positioning of state-owned enterprises in the new era.From the perspective of making up for market failures,the traditional market failure theory mainly focuses on three types of issues:first,issues universal in market economies such as monopolies,externalities,and public goods shortages;second,the trap of comparative advantage in developing economies formed due to path dependence;third,imperfect market institutions and administrative barriers peculiar to transitional economies.With the development of the times,the scope of market failure has been further extended to two new types of challenges:fourth,disruptions to the international division of labor under the influence of international politics in the trend of anti-globalization,and fifth,market mechanisms′inadequacy in achieving common prosperity.This paper argues that the strategic mission and functional positioning of state-owned enterprises are rooted in the coordinated practice of their triple attributes:the economic attribute,with efficiency improvement and strategic breakthrough as the core,can make up for the traditional three types of market failures and drive high-quality economic development;the political attribute,which carries the mission of ensuring national securit

关 键 词：国有企业 市场失灵 国际政治形势 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]